尽管我在 python ctypes 中设置了信号处理程序，但不会调用它

Question

我已经尝试使用 sigaction 和 ctypes 设置信号处理程序。（我知道它可以在 python 中使用信号模块，但我想尝试学习。）

当我将 SIGTERM 发送到这个进程，但它没有调用我设置的处理程序时，只打印“终止”。为什么它不调用处理程序？

我使用 Ubuntu 19.10 和 Python 3.7.5 x64。

import ctypes
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.util import *
from os import getpid


class sigset_t(Structure):
    __fields__ = [
        ("__val",               c_ulong*16)        
    ]

class sigval_t(Union):
    __fields__ = [
        ("sival_int",           c_int),
        ("sival_ptr",           c_void_p)
    ]



class siginfo_t(Structure):
    __fields__ = [
        ("si_signo",            c_int),
        ("si_errno",            c_int),
        ("si_code",             c_int),
        ("si_trapno",           c_int),
        ("si_pid",              c_uint),
        ("si_status",           c_int),
        ("si_utime",            c_long),
        ("si_stime",            c_long),
        ("si_value",            sigval_t),
        ("si_int",              c_int),
        ("si_ptr",              c_void_p),
        ("si_overrun",          c_int),
        ("si_timerid",          c_int),
        ("si_addr",             c_void_p),
        ("si_band",             c_long),
        ("si_fd",               c_int),
        ("si_addr_lsb",         c_short),
        ("si_call_addr",        c_void_p),
        ("si_syscall",          c_int),
        ("si_arch",             c_uint)

    ]

sa_handler_functype = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_int)
sigaction_functype = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_int, siginfo_t, c_void_p)


class SIGACTION(Structure):
    __fields__ = [
        ("sa_handler",          sa_handler_functype),
        ("sa_sigaction",        sigaction_functype),
        ("sa_mask",             sigset_t),
        ("sa_flags",            c_int),

    ]


def p(sig): # signal handler function
    libc.puts("bye")

libc_path = find_library("c")
libc = CDLL(libc_path)

libc.sigaction.restype = c_int
libc.sigaction.argtypes = [c_int, POINTER(SIGACTION), POINTER(SIGACTION)]

act = SIGACTION(sa_handler=sa_handler_functype(p))
print(act)
res = libc.sigaction(15, act, None)
print(res)
print("pid:", getpid()) # show pid
while True: # wait until receive sigterm signal
    pass

Answer 1

清单[Python 3.Docs]：ctypes - Python 的外部函数库。

代码存在一些问题：

• ctypes.Structure后代需要定义_fields_（而不是 __fields__）。相应地改变了结构
• 将struct sigaction *（指针）作为参数传递给sigaction
• 根据/usr/include/bits中文件的内容修改结构定义（在我的Ubtu 16 x64 VM上）
• 为任何使用的函数 ( put )定义了argtypes和restype。检查[SO]：通过 ctypes 从 Python 调用的 C 函数返回不正确的值（@CristiFati 的答案）以获取更多详细信息
• 其他（次要）变更

代码00.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
import os
import time
from ctypes import Structure, Union, POINTER, CFUNCTYPE, CDLL, byref, sizeof, \
    c_short, c_int, c_uint, c_long, c_ulong, c_char_p, c_void_p


SIGTERM = 15


class sigset_t(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("__val", c_ulong * (1024 // (8 * sizeof (c_long)))),
    ]


'''
class sigval_t(Union):
    _fields_ = [
        ("sival_int", c_int),
        ("sival_ptr", c_void_p),
    ]


class siginfo_t(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("si_signo", c_int),
        ("si_errno", c_int),
        ("si_code", c_int),
        ("_pad", c_int * 29),
    ]


sa_sigaction_functype = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_int, POINTER(siginfo_t), c_void_p)
'''
sa_handler_functype = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_int, use_errno=True)


class SIGACTION(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("sa_handler", sa_handler_functype),
        ("sa_mask", sigset_t),
        ("sa_flags", c_int),
        ("sa_restorer", c_void_p),
    ]


libc = CDLL(None)


def sighandler(sig):  # Signal handler function
    libc.puts.argtypes = [c_char_p]
    libc.puts.restype = c_int
    libc.puts("Custom signal handler called for signal {0:d}".format(sig).encode())


def main(*argv):

    libc.sigaction.argtypes = [c_int, POINTER(SIGACTION), POINTER(SIGACTION)]
    libc.sigaction.restype = c_int

    signal_number = SIGTERM
    act = SIGACTION(sa_handler=sa_handler_functype(sighandler))
    #print(act)

    res = libc.sigaction(signal_number, byref(act), None)
    print("sigaction result: {0:d}".format(res))
    print("PId {0:d} waiting for SIG {1:d}...".format(os.getpid(), signal_number))

    while 1:
        time.sleep(0.1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Python {0:s} {1:d}bit on {2:s}\n".format(" ".join(item.strip() for item in sys.version.split("\n")), 64 if sys.maxsize > 0x100000000 else 32, sys.platform))
    main(*sys.argv[1:])
    print("\nDone.")

输出（程序运行时，从另一个终端发送SIGTERM两次，然后发送SIGKILL）：

[cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q059521251]> uname -m
x86_64
[cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q059521251]> cat /etc/lsb-release | grep DESCR
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS"
[cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q059521251]> python3 code00.py
Python 3.5.2 (default, Oct  8 2019, 13:06:37) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] 64bit on linux

sigaction result: 0
PId 20050 waiting for SIG 15...
Custom signal handler called for signal 15
Custom signal handler called for signal 15
Killed