如何检查INSERT在存储函数中是否运行良好？

Question

我正在创建一个存储函数,它应该向表中插入新行.在这个表中也是一个独特的列.

如何检查一切是否正常并且插入了行？

如何确切地检查是否找到了这个唯一的列(例如 - 尝试添加重复值)？

Answer 1

您可以检查LAST_INSERT_ID()函数和INSERT IGNORE.

如果INSERT IGNORE成功,则返回主键.让我们创建一个表,其中包含自动增量主键和名称上的唯一键.

use test
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nametable;
CREATE TABLE nametable
(
  id int not null auto_increment,
  name varchar(20) not null,
  primary key (id),
  unique key (name)
);
DELIMITER $$
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `test`.`InsertName` $$
CREATE FUNCTION `test`.`InsertName` (newname VARCHAR(20)) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  INSERT IGNORE INTO test.nametable (name) VALUES (newname);
  RETURN LAST_INSERT_ID();
END $$
DELIMITER ;
SELECT InsertName('rolando');
SELECT InsertName('rolando');
SELECT InsertName('pamela');
SELECT InsertName('pamela');
SHOW CREATE TABLE test.nametable\G
SELECT * FROM test.nametable;

以下是正在运行的示例:

mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nametable;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE nametable
    -> (
    ->   id int not null auto_increment,
    ->   name varchar(20) not null,
    ->   primary key (id),
    ->   unique key (name)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> DELIMITER $$
mysql> DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `test`.`InsertName` $$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `test`.`InsertName` (newname VARCHAR(20)) RETURNS INT
    -> BEGIN
    ->   INSERT IGNORE INTO test.nametable (name) VALUES (newname);
    ->   RETURN LAST_INSERT_ID();
    -> END $$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql> SELECT InsertName('rolando');
+-----------------------+
| InsertName('rolando') |
+-----------------------+
|                     1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT InsertName('rolando');
+-----------------------+
| InsertName('rolando') |
+-----------------------+
|                     0 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> SELECT InsertName('pamela');
+----------------------+
| InsertName('pamela') |
+----------------------+
|                    3 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> SELECT InsertName('pamela');
+----------------------+
| InsertName('pamela') |
+----------------------+
|                    0 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE test.nametable\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: nametable
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `nametable` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM test.nametable;
+----+---------+
| id | name    |
+----+---------+
|  3 | pamela  |
|  1 | rolando |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

如上例所示,您可以检查函数的返回值.非零返回值意味着INSERT IGNORE进展顺利.零返回值表示重复键,而不向mysqld引入错误号.

这种方法的缺点是你不能返回并使用id 2和4,因为在重复键的情况下INSERT IGNORE尝试失败.

让我们尝试使用INSERT并使用不同的存储函数设置的另一个示例,而不使用LAST_INSERT_ID():

use test
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nametable;
CREATE TABLE nametable
(
  id int not null auto_increment,
  name varchar(20) not null,
  primary key (id),
  unique key (name)
);
DELIMITER $$
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `test`.`InsertName` $$
CREATE FUNCTION `test`.`InsertName` (newname VARCHAR(20)) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  DECLARE rv INT;
  SELECT COUNT(1) INTO rv FROM test.nametable WHERE name = newname;
  IF rv = 0 THEN
    INSERT INTO test.nametable (name) VALUES (newname);
  END IF;
  RETURN rv;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
SELECT InsertName('rolando');
SELECT InsertName('rolando');
SELECT InsertName('pamela');
SELECT InsertName('pamela');
SHOW CREATE TABLE test.nametable\G
SELECT * FROM test.nametable;

结果如下:

mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nametable;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE nametable
    -> (
    ->   id int not null auto_increment,
    ->   name varchar(20) not null,
    ->   primary key (id),
    ->   unique key (name)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> DELIMITER $$
mysql> DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `test`.`InsertName` $$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `test`.`InsertName` (newname VARCHAR(20)) RETURNS INT
    -> BEGIN
    ->   DECLARE rv INT;
    ->   SELECT COUNT(1) INTO rv FROM test.nametable WHERE name = newname;
    ->   IF rv = 0 THEN
    ->     INSERT INTO test.nametable (name) VALUES (newname);
    ->   END IF;
    ->   RETURN rv;
    -> END $$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> DELIMITER ;
mysql> SELECT InsertName('rolando');
+-----------------------+
| InsertName('rolando') |
+-----------------------+
|                     0 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> SELECT InsertName('rolando');
+-----------------------+
| InsertName('rolando') |
+-----------------------+
|                     1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT InsertName('pamela');
+----------------------+
| InsertName('pamela') |
+----------------------+
|                    0 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT InsertName('pamela');
+----------------------+
| InsertName('pamela') |
+----------------------+
|                    1 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE test.nametable\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: nametable
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `nametable` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM test.nametable;
+----+---------+
| id | name    |
+----+---------+
|  2 | pamela  |
|  1 | rolando |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

在此示例中,如果INSERT为OK,则存储的函数返回0,并返回名称上带有重复键的1.优势？auto_increment没有浪费的id号.缺点？每次执行SELECT语句以检查表中已存在的名称.

您可以选择要处理重复键的方式.第一种方法让mysqld处理INSERT IGNORE的条件.第二种方法在INSERT之前首先检查重复键的存储函数.