SQL DateDiff高级用法？

Question

SQL DateDiff高级用法？

我需要计算两个日期之间的DateDiff(小时),但仅限于营业时间(8:30 - 16:00,没有周末).然后根据下面的示例将此结果放入Reaction_Time列.

ID           Date           Reaction_Time   Overdue
1    29.04.2003 15:00:00                      
1    30.04.2003 11:00:00        3:30        
2    30.04.2003 14:00:00                      
2    01.05.2003 14:00:00        7:30          YES

*注意:我没有检查示例中的日期是否是假日.

我正在使用SQL Server 2005

这将与更大的查询相结合,但是现在我需要的是这个开始,我将试图弄清楚如何将它们全部放在一起.谢谢您的帮助!

编辑:嘿,谢谢大家的回复.但是由于SQL方面的解决方案明显很复杂,我们决定在Excel中执行此操作,而不管报告将在何处移动.不好意思,但我真的认为这比这更简单.事实上,我们没有时间.

Answer 1

Tom*_*lak 7

我建议建立一个用户定义的函数,根据您的规则计算营业时间的日期差异.

SELECT
  Id,
  MIN(Date) DateStarted,
  MAX(Date) DateCompleted,
  dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours(MIN(Date), MAX(Date)) ReactionTime
FROM
  Incident
GROUP BY
  Id

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我不确定你的Overdue价值来自哪里,所以我把它留在了我的例子中.

在函数中,您可以编写比查询更具表现力的SQL,并且不会使用业务规则阻塞查询,从而难以维护.

此外,功能可以轻松重复使用.扩展它以包括对假期的支持(我在Holidays这里考虑一个表)不会太难.可以进行进一步的改进,而无需更改难以读取的嵌套SELECT/CASE WHEN构造,这将是替代方案.

如果我今天有时间,我会考虑编写一个示例函数.

编辑:这里有花里胡哨的东西,透明地计算周末:

ALTER FUNCTION dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours (
  @date1 DATETIME,
  @date2 DATETIME
) RETURNS DATETIME AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @sat INT
  DECLARE @sun INT
  DECLARE @workday_s INT
  DECLARE @workday_e INT
  DECLARE @basedate1 DATETIME
  DECLARE @basedate2 DATETIME
  DECLARE @calcdate1 DATETIME
  DECLARE @calcdate2 DATETIME
  DECLARE @cworkdays INT
  DECLARE @cweekends INT
  DECLARE @returnval INT

  SET @workday_s = 510 -- work day start:  8.5 hours
  SET @workday_e = 960 -- work day end:   16.0 hours

    -- calculate Saturday and Sunday dependent on SET DATEFIRST option
  SET @sat = CASE @@DATEFIRST WHEN 7 THEN 7 ELSE 7 - @@DATEFIRST END 
  SET @sun = CASE @@DATEFIRST WHEN 7 THEN 1 ELSE @sat + 1 END 

  SET @calcdate1 = @date1
  SET @calcdate2 = @date2

  -- @date1: assume next day if start was after end of workday
  SET @basedate1 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate1))
  SET @calcdate1 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate1, @calcdate1) > @workday_e
                   THEN @basedate1 + 1
                   ELSE @calcdate1
                   END

  -- @date1: if Saturday or Sunday, make it next Monday
  SET @basedate1 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate1))
  SET @calcdate1 = CASE DATEPART(dw, @basedate1)
                   WHEN @sat THEN @basedate1 + 2
                   WHEN @sun THEN @basedate1 + 1
                   ELSE @calcdate1
                   END

  -- @date1: assume @workday_s as the minimum start time
  SET @basedate1 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate1))
  SET @calcdate1 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate1, @calcdate1) < @workday_s 
                   THEN DATEADD(mi, @workday_s, @basedate1)
                   ELSE @calcdate1
                   END

  -- @date2: assume previous day if end was before start of workday
  SET @basedate2 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate2))
  SET @calcdate2 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate2, @calcdate2) < @workday_s
                   THEN @basedate2 - 1
                   ELSE @calcdate2
                   END

  -- @date2: if Saturday or Sunday, make it previous Friday
  SET @basedate2 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate2))
  SET @calcdate2 = CASE DATEPART(dw, @calcdate2)
                   WHEN @sat THEN @basedate2 - 0.00001
                   WHEN @sun THEN @basedate2 - 1.00001
                   ELSE @date2
                   END

  -- @date2: assume @workday_e as the maximum end time
  SET @basedate2 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate2))
  SET @calcdate2 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate2, @calcdate2) > @workday_e
                   THEN DATEADD(mi, @workday_e, @basedate2)
                   ELSE @calcdate2
                   END

  -- count full work days (subtract Saturdays and Sundays)
  SET @cworkdays = DATEDIFF(dd, @basedate1, @basedate2)
  SET @cweekends = @cworkdays / 7
  SET @cworkdays = @cworkdays - @cweekends * 2

  -- calculate effective duration in minutes
  SET @returnval = @cworkdays * (@workday_e - @workday_s)
                   + @workday_e - DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate1, @calcdate1) 
                   + DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate2, @calcdate2) - @workday_e

  -- return duration as an offset in minutes from date 0
  RETURN DATEADD(mi, @returnval, 0)
END

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该函数返回一个DATETIME值,表示从日期0(即"1900-01-01 00:00:00")的偏移量.因此,例如8:00小时的时间跨度将是"1900-01-01 08:00:00"25小时"1900-01-02 01:00:00".函数的结果是时间在业务差异两个日期之间的时间.没有特殊处理/支持加班.

SELECT dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours('2003-04-29 15:00:00', '2003-04-30 11:00:00')
--> 1900-01-01 03:30:00.000

SELECT dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours('2003-04-30 14:00:00', '2003-05-01 14:00:00')
--> 1900-01-01 07:30:00.000

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该功能假定下一个可用工作日(08:30 h)开始于非工作@date1时间,而上一个可用工作日(16:00 h)结束时为非工作@date2时间.

"下一个/上一个可用"是指:

如果@date1是'2009-02-06 07:00:00'(星期五),它将成为'2009-02-06 08:30:00'(星期五)
如果@date1是'2009-02-06 19:00:00'(星期五),它将成为'2009-02-09 08:30:00'(星期一)
如果@date2是'2009-02-09 07:00:00'(星期一),它将成为'2009-02-06 16:00:00'(星期五)
如果@date2是'2009-02-09 19:00:00'(星期一),它将成为'2009-02-09 16:00:00'(星期一)

Answer 2

Mak*_*tar 5

DECLARE @BusHourStart DATETIME, @BusHourEnd DATETIME
SELECT @BusHourStart = '08:30:00', @BusHourEnd = '16:00:00'
DECLARE @BusMinutesStart INT, @BusMinutesEnd INT
SELECT @BusMinutesStart = DATEPART(minute,@BusHourStart)+DATEPART(hour,@BusHourStart)*60, 
@BusMinutesEnd = DATEPART(minute,@BusHourEnd)+DATEPART(hour,@BusHourEnd)*60 
DECLARE @Dates2 TABLE (ID INT, DateStart DATETIME, DateEnd DATETIME)
INSERT INTO @Dates2
SELECT 1, '15:00:00 04/29/2003', '11:00:00 04/30/2003' UNION
SELECT 2, '14:00:00 04/30/2003', '14:00:00 05/01/2003' UNION
SELECT 3, '14:00:00 05/02/2003', '14:00:00 05/06/2003' UNION
SELECT 4, '14:00:00 05/02/2003', '14:00:00 05/04/2003' UNION
SELECT 5, '07:00:00 05/02/2003', '14:00:00 05/02/2003' UNION
SELECT 6, '14:00:00 05/02/2003', '23:00:00 05/02/2003' UNION
SELECT 7, '07:00:00 05/02/2003', '08:00:00 05/02/2003' UNION
SELECT 8, '22:00:00 05/02/2003', '23:00:00 05/03/2003' UNION
SELECT 9, '08:00:00 05/03/2003', '23:00:00 05/04/2003' UNION
SELECT 10, '07:00:00 05/02/2003', '23:00:00 05/02/2003' 

-- SET DATEFIRST to U.S. English default value of 7.
SET DATEFIRST 7

SELECT ID, DateStart, DateEnd, CONVERT(VARCHAR, Minutes/60) +':'+ CONVERT(VARCHAR, Minutes % 60) AS ReactionTime
FROM ( 
    SELECT ID, DateStart, DateEnd, Overtime,
        CASE 
            WHEN DayDiff = 0 THEN 
                CASE 
                    WHEN (MinutesEnd - MinutesStart - Overtime) > 0 THEN (MinutesEnd - MinutesStart - Overtime) 
                    ELSE 0 
                    END
            WHEN DayDiff > 0  THEN 
                CASE 
                    WHEN (StartPart + EndPart - Overtime) > 0 THEN (StartPart + EndPart - Overtime) 
                    ELSE 0 
                    END + DayPart
            ELSE 0
        END AS Minutes 
    FROM(
        SELECT ID, DateStart, DateEnd, DayDiff, MinutesStart, MinutesEnd,
                CASE WHEN(@BusMinutesStart - MinutesStart) > 0 THEN (@BusMinutesStart - MinutesStart) ELSE 0 END +
                CASE WHEN(MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesEnd) > 0 THEN (MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesEnd) ELSE 0 END AS Overtime, 
                CASE WHEN(@BusMinutesEnd - MinutesStart) > 0 THEN (@BusMinutesEnd - MinutesStart) ELSE 0 END AS StartPart,
                CASE WHEN(MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesStart) > 0 THEN (MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesStart) ELSE 0 END AS EndPart,
                CASE WHEN DayDiff > 1 THEN (@BusMinutesEnd - @BusMinutesStart)*(DayDiff - 1) ELSE 0 END AS DayPart
        FROM (
                SELECT DATEDIFF(d,DateStart, DateEnd) AS DayDiff, ID, DateStart, DateEnd,  
                DATEPART(minute,DateStart)+DATEPART(hour,DateStart)*60 AS MinutesStart,
                DATEPART(minute,DateEnd)+DATEPART(hour,DateEnd)*60 AS MinutesEnd 
                FROM (
                        SELECT ID,
                                CASE 
                                        WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateStart) = 7 
                                        THEN DATEADD(SECOND, 1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateStart), 2))
                                        WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateStart) = 1 
                                        THEN DATEADD(SECOND, 1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateStart), 1))
                                ELSE DateStart END AS DateStart,
                                CASE 
                                        WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateEnd) = 7 
                                        THEN DATEADD(SECOND, -1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateEnd), 0))
                                        WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateEnd) = 1 
                                        THEN DATEADD(SECOND, -1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateEnd), -1))
                                ELSE DateEnd END AS DateEnd FROM @Dates2
                )Weekends
        )InMinutes
    )Overtime
)Calculation

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