js2*_*010 3 powershell sleep object output
出于某种原因,对象在 sleep 命令完成之前不会输出。
[pscustomobject]@{message = 'hi'}; sleep 5
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这是另一个例子。在循环完成之前您不会看到输出。
foreach ($i in 1..60) {
if ($i -eq 1) { [pscustomobject]@{message = $i} }
sleep 1
}
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我猜你必须输出至少 2 个对象才能看到任何东西?¯\_(?)_/¯ 15 秒后,您会看到两个对象。
foreach ($i in 1..60) {
if ($i -eq 1 -or $i -eq 15) { [pscustomobject]@{message = $i} }
sleep 1
}
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或者输出足够的属性(> 4)来隐式调用格式列表而不是格式表。 格式表是问题所在。 这马上就出来了。
[pscustomobject]@{a=1; b=2; c=3; d=4; e=5}; sleep 10
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我想知道格式表的参数是否可以像-NoWait.
具有包含列宽的格式文件的已知对象类型不存在此问题。
foreach ($i in 1..60) {
if ($i -eq 1) { get-process powershell }
sleep 1
}
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或默认为自定义格式的对象:
foreach ($i in 1..60) {
if ($i -eq 1) { get-date }
sleep 1
}
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tl;博士
如果命令的输出导致自动表格显示(隐式 Format-Table),则显示输出可能会在特定情况下最多延迟 300 毫秒。(请参阅下文了解原因和时间),这可能会产生两种意想不到的效果:
与问题一样,在延迟过去之前提交的后续 Start-Sleep提交进一步延迟了(至少)睡眠持续时间的输出 - 它有效地暂停了完成 300 毫秒。等待。
一个后续 Write-Host或Out-Host调用可以产生意外来输出第一。
您可以通过将命令通过管道传输到或显式(或任何其他cmdlet)来强制同步显示输出。Out-HostFormat-TableFormat-*
# The Out-Host forces instant display, before sleeping starts.
# However, use of Out-Host means you can't capture the output.
[pscustomobject] @{message = 'hi'} | Out-Host; sleep 5
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这种行为可以通过隐式应用Format-Table输出的臭名昭著的PSv5+ 异步行为来解释:对于没有预定义格式数据且具有4 个或更少属性(这是自动选择表显示的属性)的数据类型,它等待最多 300 毫秒。在显示输出之前,努力确定合适的列宽。
如果您Start-Sleep在该时间段过去之前使用,只要您在睡觉,您就会暂停等待。
碰巧没有触发隐式Format-Table格式的输出对象不受影响,但是:
# Immediate output, before sleeping ends:
# Out-of-band formatting of a .NET primitive.
PS> 1; Start-Sleep 5
# Implicit Format-*List* formatting due to having 5+ properties.
PS> [pscustomobject]@{a=1; b=2; c=3; d=4; e=5}; sleep 10
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相比之下,由于您的命令的输出是一个只有1 个属性的对象,并且其类型 ( [pscustomobject]) 没有与之关联的预定义格式数据,因此它会触发隐式Format-Table格式并因此出现问题。
简而言之:以下命令输出受到影响,因为它们Format-Table在缺少预定义列宽的情况下选择了隐式输出,因此需要延迟:
类型恰好具有4 个或更少属性的对象
如果这些类型没有关联的预定义格式数据(请参阅 参考资料about_Format.ps1xml),这对于[pscustomobject]实例来说通常是正确的。
System.Guid类型实例的是New-Guid输出)。具有5 个或更多属性的没有格式化数据的类型默认为隐式应用,其中,由于逐行输出,无需确定有用的列宽,因此没有延迟。Format-List
请注意,这只是一个显示问题,如果命令被捕获或发送到管道,数据将立即输出(尽管该命令在Start-Sleep时间段过去之前不会整体完成):
# The ForEach-Object command's script block receives the [pscustomobject]
# instance right away (and itself prints it *immediately* to the display,
# due to outputting a *string* (which never triggers the asynchronous behavior).
& { [pscustomobject]@{message = 'hi'}; sleep 5 } | ForEach-Object { "[$_]" }
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虽然有多种方法可以强制同步(立即)显示输出,但它们都改变了命令的基本行为:
# Piping to Out-Host:
# Directly prints to the *display* (host).
# No way for a caller to capture the result or for processing
# the result in a pipeline.
[pscustomobject]@{message = 'hi'} | Out-Host; sleep 5
# Using Write-Host:
# Prints directly to the *display* (host) by default.
# While it *is* possible to capture the result via output stream 6.
# the information stream (6> file.txt), that output:
# * is invariably converted to *strings*
# * and the string representation does *not* use the friendly default
# output formatting; instead, the objects are stringified with simple
# [psobject.].ToString() calls, which results in a much less friendly
# representation.
Write-Host ([pscustomobject]@{message = 'hi'}); sleep 5
# Piping to a Format-* cmdlet explicitly:
# While this does write to the success-output stream (stream number 1),
# as the command would by default, what is written isn't the original
# objects, but *formatting instructions*, which are useless for further
# programmatic processing.
# However, for redirecting the output to a file with Out-File or >
# this makes no difference, because they convert the formatting instructions
# to the strings you would see on the screen by default.
# By contrast, using Set-Content or any other cmdlet that expects actual data
# would not work meaningfully.
[pscustomobject]@{message = 'hi'} | Format-Table; sleep 5
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输出少于5个属性,format-table隐式运行。在显示第一个对象之前,格式表将无限期地等待第二个对象。这适用于没有定义默认表视图的 xml 文件的对象类型(如 pscustomobject)。
# no output for 5 seconds
&{get-date
sleep 5
get-date} | format-table
DisplayHint DateTime Date Day DayOfWeek DayOfYear Hour Kind Millisecond Minute
----------- -------- ---- --- --------- --------- ---- ---- ----------- ------
DateTime Saturday, February 8, 2020 10:24:48 AM 2/8/2020 12:00:00 AM 8 Saturday 39 10 Local 618 24
DateTime Saturday, February 8, 2020 10:24:53 AM 2/8/2020 12:00:00 AM 8 Saturday 39 10 Local 892 24
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与格式列表比较:
& {get-date
sleep 5
get-date} | format-list
DisplayHint : DateTime
Date : 2/8/2020 12:00:00 AM
Day : 8
DayOfWeek : Saturday
DayOfYear : 39
Hour : 20
Kind : Local
Millisecond : 408
Minute : 37
Month : 2
Second : 18
Ticks : 637167910384087860
TimeOfDay : 20:37:18.4087860
Year : 2020
DateTime : Saturday, February 8, 2020 8:37:18 PM
DisplayHint : DateTime
Date : 2/8/2020 12:00:00 AM
Day : 8
DayOfWeek : Saturday
DayOfYear : 39
Hour : 20
Kind : Local
Millisecond : 662
Minute : 37
Month : 2
Second : 23
Ticks : 637167910436622480
TimeOfDay : 20:37:23.6622480
Year : 2020
DateTime : Saturday, February 8, 2020 8:37:23 PM
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