Azure Pipelines“Cache@2”失败并显示“##[error]The system cannot find the file specified”

Question

我正在使用带有托管构建的 Azure Pipelines 来构建 Web 项目。我们的构建时间达到了 10-15 分钟，其中大部分时间（5-10 分钟）都花在了npm install. 为了加快速度，我正在尝试使用该Cache任务（https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/caching/?view=azure-devops）。

但是，当自动添加的任务Post-job: Cache运行时，它总是出错：

##[error]The system cannot find the file specified

主机服务器是 Windows Server 2017。

这是我的整个构建 YAML

# Node.js with Vue
# Build a Node.js project that uses Vue.
# Add steps that analyze code, save build artifacts, deploy, and more:
# https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/pipelines/languages/javascript

trigger:
- develop

pool:
  name: Default

variables:
  FONTAWESOME_NPM_AUTH_TOKEN: $(FONTAWESOME_NPM_AUTH_TOKEN_VARIABLE)
  npm_config_cache: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/.npm


steps:
- task: DutchWorkzToolsAllVariables@1

- task: NodeTool@0
  inputs:
    versionSpec: '10.x'
  displayName: 'Install Node.js'


- task: Cache@2
  inputs:
    key: 'npm | "$(Agent.OS)" | package-lock.json'
    path: $(npm_config_cache)
    cacheHitVar: NPM_CACHE_RESTORED

- task: Npm@1
  displayName: 'npm install'
  inputs:
    command: 'install'
  condition: ne(variables.NPM_CACHE_RESTORED, 'true')


- task: Npm@1
  displayName: 'npm run build'
  inputs:
    command: 'custom'
    customCommand: 'run build'

- task: CopyFiles@2
  inputs:
    SourceFolder: '$(Build.Repository.LocalPath)\dist'
    Contents: '**'
    TargetFolder: '$(Build.StagingDirectory)'
    CleanTargetFolder: true

- task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
  inputs:
    PathtoPublish: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'
    ArtifactName: 'drop'
    publishLocation: 'Container'    

缓存任务输出：

Starting: Cache
==============================================================================
Task         : Cache
Description  : Cache files between runs
Version      : 2.0.0
Author       : Microsoft Corporation
Help         : https://aka.ms/pipeline-caching-docs
==============================================================================
Resolving key:
 - npm               [string]
 - "Windows_NT"      [string]
 - package-lock.json [file] --> F93EFA0B87737CC825F422E1116A9E72DFB5A26F609ADA41CC7F80A039B17299
Resolved to: npm|"Windows_NT"|rbCoKv9PzjbAOWAsH9Pgr3Il2ZhErdZTzV08Qdl3Mz8=
Information, ApplicationInsightsTelemetrySender will correlate events with X-TFS-Session zzzzz
Information, Getting a pipeline cache artifact with one of the following fingerprints:
Information, Fingerprint: `npm|"Windows_NT"|rbCoKv9PzjbAOWAsH9Pgr3Il2ZhErdZTzV08Qdl3Mz8=`
Information, There is a cache miss.
Information, ApplicationInsightsTelemetrySender correlated 1 events with X-TFS-Session zzzzz
Finishing: Cache

作业后：缓存输出：

Starting: Cache
==============================================================================
Task         : Cache
Description  : Cache files between runs
Version      : 2.0.0
Author       : Microsoft Corporation
Help         : https://aka.ms/pipeline-caching-docs
==============================================================================
Resolving key:
 - npm               [string]
 - "Windows_NT"      [string]
 - package-lock.json [file] --> 2F208E865E6510DE6EEAA6DB0CB7F87B323386881F42EB63E18ED1C0D88CA84E
Resolved to: npm|"Windows_NT"|OQo0ApWAY09wL/ZLr6fxlRIZ5qcoTrNLUv1k6i6GO9Q=
Information, ApplicationInsightsTelemetrySender will correlate events with X-TFS-Session zzzzz
Information, Getting a pipeline cache artifact with one of the following fingerprints:
Information, Fingerprint: `npm|"Windows_NT"|OQo0ApWAY09wL/ZLr6fxlRIZ5qcoTrNLUv1k6i6GO9Q=`
Information, There is a cache miss.
Information, ApplicationInsightsTelemetrySender correlated 1 events with X-TFS-Session zzzzz
##[error]The system cannot find the file specified
Finishing: Cache

如何修复我的构建定义以便缓存工作？

Answer 1

@Levi Lu-MSFT 的评论是正确的，但有一个问题。

@FLabranche 在他的回答中有一个可行的解决方案，但我认为推理不太正确。

问题

npm install和@Cache任务正在不同位置寻找 npm 缓存。考虑管道第一次运行时的流程：

1. @Cache任务：不执行任何操作，因为还没有缓存。
2. npm i（或）任务：在默认位置npm ci安装软件包node_modules/并更新 npm 缓存。默认位置在 Linux/Mac 和Windows 上。在 Linux 托管的云代理上，绝对路径为.~/.npm%AppData%/npm-cache/home/vsts/.npm
3. （...来自您的管道的更多任务）
4. 作业后任务（隐式添加）：读取在用户提供的位置@Cache找到的 npm 缓存以存储它以供将来重用。用户提供的位置由变量设置。在 Linux 托管的云代理上，绝对路径为.npm_config_cache: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/.npm/home/vsts/work/1/.npm

结果，@Cache任务失败并显示tar: /home/vsts/work/1/.npm: Cannot open: No such file or directory。

解决方案

Makenpm install和@Cache任务使用相同的 npm 缓存位置。

Levi Lu 建议的一种选择是更新 npm 配置npm config set cache $(npm_config_cache) --global，但它在管道中不起作用（至少在 Azure 托管的 Linux 代理中对我不起作用）：Error: EACCES: permission denied, open '/usr/local/etc/npmrc'

npm ci --cache $(npm_config_cache)更新单个调用的 npm 缓存位置，在这种情况下它确实有效。但感觉有点 hacky，因为--cachenpm 网站上甚至没有记录该选项。

总而言之，这段代码对我有用：

variables:
  NPM_CACHE_FOLDER: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/.npm

steps:
- task: Cache@2
  displayName: Cache npm dependencies
  inputs:
    key: 'npm | "$(Agent.OS)" | package-lock.json'
    restoreKeys: |
      npm | "$(Agent.OS)"
      npm
    path: $(NPM_CACHE_FOLDER)

- script: npm ci --cache $(NPM_CACHE_FOLDER)
  displayName: 'Install npm dependencies'

...

Answer 2

您可以登录Windows Server 2017服务器并检查文件夹$(Pipeline.Workspace)/.npm是否已创建以及依赖项是否存储在其中。

我复制并测试了你的 yaml。它适用于本地代理（win2019）和云代理。您可以尝试在云代理或其他具有较新系统的代理上运行管道，以检查是否是导致此错误的代理。