在 macOS 上安装 psycopg2 失败

Question

我已经PostgreSQL在 macOS 上通过 brew安装了：

brew install postgresql

尝试了这些命令，都失败了：

• pipenv 安装 psycopg2
• pip 安装 psycopg2

错误：

brew install postgresql

此外，将其设置为 shell 然后重新加载：

...
  clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -DPSYCOPG_VERSION=2.8.4 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64) -DPG_VERSION_NUM=120001 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/Users/user0/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/include/python3.8 -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/server -c psycopg/adapter_qstring.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_qstring.o
  clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -DPSYCOPG_VERSION=2.8.4 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64) -DPG_VERSION_NUM=120001 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/Users/user0/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/include/python3.8 -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/server -c psycopg/microprotocols.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/microprotocols.o
  clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -DPSYCOPG_VERSION=2.8.4 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64) -DPG_VERSION_NUM=120001 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/Users/user0/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/include/python3.8 -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/server -c psycopg/microprotocols_proto.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/microprotocols_proto.o
  In file included from psycopg/microprotocols_proto.c:27:
  In file included from ./psycopg/psycopg.h:37:
  ./psycopg/config.h:81:13: warning: unused function 'Dprintf' [-Wunused-function]
  static void Dprintf(const char *fmt, ...) {}
              ^
  1 warning generated.
  clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include -DPSYCOPG_VERSION=2.8.4 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64) -DPG_VERSION_NUM=120001 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/Users/user0/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/include/python3.8 -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/server -c psycopg/typecast.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/typecast.o
  clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -L/Users/user0/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib -L/Users/user0/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/lib build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/green.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/pqpath.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/utils.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/bytes_format.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/libpq_support.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/win32_support.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/solaris_support.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/connection_int.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/connection_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/cursor_int.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/cursor_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/column_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/replication_connection_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/replication_cursor_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/replication_message_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/diagnostics_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/error_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/conninfo_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/lobject_int.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/lobject_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/notify_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/xid_type.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_asis.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_binary.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_datetime.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_list.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_pboolean.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_pdecimal.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_pint.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_pfloat.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/adapter_qstring.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/microprotocols.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/microprotocols_proto.o build/temp.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/typecast.o -L/usr/local/lib -lpq -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.14-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-38-darwin.so
  ld: library not found for -lssl
  clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
  error: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for psycopg2

也不起作用。

Answer 1

首先，您需要验证openssl已安装并正确链接：

brew install openssl
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

现在，如果使用 python 3.8 意味着python可执行文件绑定到 python 3.8，您可能需要尝试以下解决方法：

• 解决方法 #1：安装指定解释器

python -m pip --no-cache install psycopg2

只是为了确保您调用的 pip 版本确实是绑定到您的 Python 版本的那个版本。

如果它仍然不起作用，您可能会遇到此问题，在这种情况下，您可以降级 Python 版本并再次尝试上述命令

• 解决方法#2：从源代码安装。

首先，您需要下载托管在 PyPI 上的源代码并运行以下命令：

tar -xf psycopg2-2.8.4.tar.gz && cd psycopg2-2.8.4 # extract the file
python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install

Answer 2

在这种情况下最好的解决方案是安装二进制包

  pip install psycopg2-binary

之后，您仍然可以尝试像这样重新安装旧版本的 psycopg2 软件包。如果您不一定需要最新版本，这应该可行。

  pip install psycopg2==2.7.5