Ele*_*eza 9 python shell user-interface tkinter
我正在尝试制作一个由 Python Shell GUI 控制的东西。
唯一的问题是，我不知道如何制作整个输入/输出的东西。我只想能够输入一个输入，执行 python 命令并给出 python 命令的输出。我知道 IDLE 是在 Tkinter 中制作的，所以它使用小部件？
它实际上只是一个“输入，显示输出”的东西。
我试过搜索它，但似乎大多数结果都与命令行有关，这不是我要找的。另一个与我完全一样的问题也不是我的想法。我还尝试查找 IDLE 的源代码，但找不到我要找的东西。
我找到了一些适用于 Linux 的答案，但我使用的是 Windows 10 ...
我需要在 Tkinter 中使用“shell”，因为在屏幕的一侧将是连接到命令输出的其他东西。
有谁知道用于制作非常简单的 Python shell 的小部件吗？
type input，show output”的东西。****************************import os
from tkinter import *
from subprocess import *
class PythonShell:
def __init__(self):
self.master = Tk()
self.mem_cache = open("idle.txt", "w+")
self.body = None
self.entry = None
self.button = None
self.entry_content = None
@staticmethod
def welcome_note():
"""
To show welcome note on tkinter window
:return:
"""
Label(text="Welcome To My Python Program [Version 1.0]", font='Arial 12', background="#272626",
foreground="white").pack()
Label(text=">> Insert Python Commands <<", font='Arial 12', background="#272626",
foreground="white").pack()
def get_text(self):
"""
This method will perform following operations;
1- Get text from body
2- Implies python compilation (treat text as command)
3- Set Output in Output-Entry
:return: get and set text in body of text box
"""
content = self.body.get(1.0, "end-1c")
out_put = self.run_commands(content)
self.entry_content.set(out_put)
def store_commands(self, command=None):
try:
self.mem_cache.write(command + ';')
self.mem_cache.close()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
def get_stored_commands(self):
try:
with open("idle.txt", "r") as self.mem_cache:
self.mem_cache.seek(0)
val = self.mem_cache.read()
self.mem_cache.close()
return val
except Exception as e:
print(e)
@staticmethod
def check_if_file_empty():
size = os.stat("idle.txt").st_size
if size != 0:
return True
else:
return False
def run_commands(self, command):
"""
This method would return output of every command place in text box
:param command: python command from text box
:return: output of command
"""
print("Running command: {}".format(command))
value = None
new_line_char = command.find('\n')
semi_colons_char = command.find(';')
double_quote = command.find('"')
try:
if new_line_char != -1:
if semi_colons_char != -1 & double_quote == -1:
new_cmd = command.replace("\n", "")
cmd_value = '"' + new_cmd + '"'
self.store_commands(command)
value = check_output("python -c " + cmd_value, shell=True).decode()
elif semi_colons_char == -1 & double_quote == -1:
new_cmd = command.replace("\n", ";")
cmd_value = '"' + new_cmd + '"'
self.store_commands(command)
value = check_output("python -c " + cmd_value, shell=True).decode()
elif double_quote != -1:
cmd_1 = command.replace('"', "'")
new_cmd = cmd_1.replace('\n', ';')
cmd_value = '"' + new_cmd + '"'
self.store_commands(command)
value = check_output("python -c " + cmd_value, shell=True).decode()
elif self.body.compare("end-1c", "==", "1.0"):
self.entry_content.set("the widget is empty")
elif self.body.compare("end-1c", "==", "1.0"):
value = "The widget is empty. Please Enter Something."
else:
variable_analyzer = command.find('=')
file_size = PythonShell.check_if_file_empty()
if file_size:
new_cmd = command.replace('"', "'")
cmd_value = '"' + new_cmd + '"'
stored_value = self.get_stored_commands()
cmd = stored_value + cmd_value
cmd.replace('"', '')
value = check_output("python -c " + cmd, shell=True).decode()
elif variable_analyzer != -1:
new_cmd = command.replace('"', "'")
cmd_value = '"' + new_cmd + '"'
self.store_commands(cmd_value)
value = 'Waiting for input...'
pass
else:
new_cmd = command.replace('"', "'")
cmd_value = '"' + new_cmd + '"'
value = check_output("python -c " + cmd_value, shell=True).decode()
except Exception as ex:
print('>>>', ex)
self.entry_content.set('Invalid Command. Try again!!!')
print('>>', value)
# To Clear Text body After Button Click
# self.body.delete('1.0', END)
return value
def start_terminal(self):
"""
Initiate tkinter session to place and run commands
:return:
"""
self.master.propagate(0)
self.master.geometry('750x350')
self.master.title('Python IDLE')
self.master.configure(background='#272626')
terminal.welcome_note()
self.body = Text(self.master, height='10', width='75', font='Consolas 12', background="#272626",
foreground="white",
insertbackground='white')
# self.body.propagate(0)
self.body.pack(expand=True)
Label(text=">> Command Output <<", font='Arial 12', background="#272626",
foreground="white").pack()
self.entry_content = StringVar()
self.entry = Entry(self.master, textvariable=self.entry_content, width=50, font='Consolas 16',
background="white",
foreground="black")
self.entry.pack()
# self.entry.propagate(0)
self.button = Button(self.master, text="Run Command", command=self.get_text, background="white",
foreground="black",
font='Helvetica 12').pack()
self.master.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
terminal = PythonShell()
terminal.start_terminal()
上面给出的python脚本具有以下给定的层次结构；
|import ...
|class PythonShell:
|def __init__(self):...
@staticmethod
|def welcome_note():...
|def get_text(self):...
|def store_commands(self, commmand):...
|def get_stored_commands(self):...
@staticmethod
|def check_if_file_empty():
|def run_commands(self, command):...
|def start_terminal(self):...
|if __name__ == '__main__':...
上述代码的基本工作流程如下；
def welcome_note():... 包括将显示在文本正文之外的标签。
def get_text(self):...执行两个操作；** 从文本正文中获取文本 ** & ** 在输入框中设置输出 **。
def store_commands(self, command):... 用于将变量存储到文件中。
def get_stored_commands(self):...获取存储在文件中的变量。
def check_if_file_empty():... 检查文件大小。
def run_commands(self, command):...此方法充当Python 编译器，它接受命令、处理并为给定命令生成输出。要运行命令，我建议使用subprocess-module它，因为它提供了更强大的工具来生成新进程并检索它们的结果；使用 python运行窗口命令包括各种内置库，例如；
要检查哪个更好用，请访问参考：subprocess-module 比 os-module 更可取。
def start_terminal(self):...此方法仅涉及启动tkinter会话窗口和显示输入和输出窗口的基本布局的功能。
您可以根据需要进一步修改和优化此代码。
这个简单的tkinter GUI based python shell执行简单的功能作为 windows-command-prompt。要directly在命令提示符中运行 python 命令而不进入 python 终端，我们做的很简单；
python -c "print('Hey Eleeza!!!')"
它的结果很简单：
Hey Eleeza!!!
同样，按照给定的时间直接运行不止一行；
python -c "import platform;sys_info=platform.uname();print(sys_info)"
它的输出将是；
My System Info: uname_result(system='Windows', node='DESKTOP-J75UTG5', release='10', version='10.0.18362', machine='AMD64', processor='Intel64 Family 6 Model 142 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel')
所以要使用这个tkinter python shell;
您可以将命令放置为；
import platform
value=platform.uname()
print('Value:', value)
或者像这样；
import platform;value=platform.uname();
print('Value:', value)
或简单地内联命令作为
import platform;value=platform.uname();print('Value:', value)
你会得到同样的结果。
我已经实现了 python shell，用于code.InteractiveConsole执行项目的命令。下面是一个简化版本，尽管仍然很长，因为我已经编写了特殊键（如 Return、Tab ...）的绑定，使其表现得像在 python 控制台中一样。可以添加更多功能，例如使用 jedi 自动完成和使用 pygments 进行语法高亮。
主要思想是我使用 的方法push()来code.InteractiveConsole执行命令。True如果它是部分命令，例如，则此方法返回def test(x):，并且我使用此反馈插入...提示，否则，显示输出并>>>显示新提示。我使用捕获输出contextlib.redirect_stdout。
此外，还有很多涉及标记和比较索引的代码，因为我阻止用户在先前执行的命令中插入文本。我的想法是，我创建了一个标记“输入”，它告诉我活动提示的开始位置，并且self.compare('insert', '<', 'input')我可以知道用户何时尝试在活动提示上方插入文本。
import tkinter as tk
import sys
import re
from code import InteractiveConsole
from contextlib import redirect_stderr, redirect_stdout
from io import StringIO
class History(list):
def __getitem__(self, index):
try:
return list.__getitem__(self, index)
except IndexError:
return
class TextConsole(tk.Text):
def __init__(self, master, **kw):
kw.setdefault('width', 50)
kw.setdefault('wrap', 'word')
kw.setdefault('prompt1', '>>> ')
kw.setdefault('prompt2', '... ')
banner = kw.pop('banner', 'Python %s\n' % sys.version)
self._prompt1 = kw.pop('prompt1')
self._prompt2 = kw.pop('prompt2')
tk.Text.__init__(self, master, **kw)
# --- history
self.history = History()
self._hist_item = 0
self._hist_match = ''
# --- initialization
self._console = InteractiveConsole() # python console to execute commands
self.insert('end', banner, 'banner')
self.prompt()
self.mark_set('input', 'insert')
self.mark_gravity('input', 'left')
# --- bindings
self.bind('<Control-Return>', self.on_ctrl_return)
self.bind('<Shift-Return>', self.on_shift_return)
self.bind('<KeyPress>', self.on_key_press)
self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.on_key_release)
self.bind('<Tab>', self.on_tab)
self.bind('<Down>', self.on_down)
self.bind('<Up>', self.on_up)
self.bind('<Return>', self.on_return)
self.bind('<BackSpace>', self.on_backspace)
self.bind('<Control-c>', self.on_ctrl_c)
self.bind('<<Paste>>', self.on_paste)
def on_ctrl_c(self, event):
"""Copy selected code, removing prompts first"""
sel = self.tag_ranges('sel')
if sel:
txt = self.get('sel.first', 'sel.last').splitlines()
lines = []
for i, line in enumerate(txt):
if line.startswith(self._prompt1):
lines.append(line[len(self._prompt1):])
elif line.startswith(self._prompt2):
lines.append(line[len(self._prompt2):])
else:
lines.append(line)
self.clipboard_clear()
self.clipboard_append('\n'.join(lines))
return 'break'
def on_paste(self, event):
"""Paste commands"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input'):
return "break"
sel = self.tag_ranges('sel')
if sel:
self.delete('sel.first', 'sel.last')
txt = self.clipboard_get()
self.insert("insert", txt)
self.insert_cmd(self.get("input", "end"))
return 'break'
def prompt(self, result=False):
"""Insert a prompt"""
if result:
self.insert('end', self._prompt2, 'prompt')
else:
self.insert('end', self._prompt1, 'prompt')
self.mark_set('input', 'end-1c')
def on_key_press(self, event):
"""Prevent text insertion in command history"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input') and event.keysym not in ['Left', 'Right']:
self._hist_item = len(self.history)
self.mark_set('insert', 'input lineend')
if not event.char.isalnum():
return 'break'
def on_key_release(self, event):
"""Reset history scrolling"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input') and event.keysym not in ['Left', 'Right']:
self._hist_item = len(self.history)
return 'break'
def on_up(self, event):
"""Handle up arrow key press"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input'):
self.mark_set('insert', 'end')
return 'break'
elif self.index('input linestart') == self.index('insert linestart'):
# navigate history
line = self.get('input', 'insert')
self._hist_match = line
hist_item = self._hist_item
self._hist_item -= 1
item = self.history[self._hist_item]
while self._hist_item >= 0 and not item.startswith(line):
self._hist_item -= 1
item = self.history[self._hist_item]
if self._hist_item >= 0:
index = self.index('insert')
self.insert_cmd(item)
self.mark_set('insert', index)
else:
self._hist_item = hist_item
return 'break'
def on_down(self, event):
"""Handle down arrow key press"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input'):
self.mark_set('insert', 'end')
return 'break'
elif self.compare('insert lineend', '==', 'end-1c'):
# navigate history
line = self._hist_match
self._hist_item += 1
item = self.history[self._hist_item]
while item is not None and not item.startswith(line):
self._hist_item += 1
item = self.history[self._hist_item]
if item is not None:
self.insert_cmd(item)
self.mark_set('insert', 'input+%ic' % len(self._hist_match))
else:
self._hist_item = len(self.history)
self.delete('input', 'end')
self.insert('insert', line)
return 'break'
def on_tab(self, event):
"""Handle tab key press"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input'):
self.mark_set('insert', 'input lineend')
return "break"
# indent code
sel = self.tag_ranges('sel')
if sel:
start = str(self.index('sel.first'))
end = str(self.index('sel.last'))
start_line = int(start.split('.')[0])
end_line = int(end.split('.')[0]) + 1
for line in range(start_line, end_line):
self.insert('%i.0' % line, ' ')
else:
txt = self.get('insert-1c')
if not txt.isalnum() and txt != '.':
self.insert('insert', ' ')
return "break"
def on_shift_return(self, event):
"""Handle Shift+Return key press"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input'):
self.mark_set('insert', 'input lineend')
return 'break'
else: # execute commands
self.mark_set('insert', 'end')
self.insert('insert', '\n')
self.insert('insert', self._prompt2, 'prompt')
self.eval_current(True)
def on_return(self, event=None):
"""Handle Return key press"""
if self.compare('insert', '<', 'input'):
self.mark_set('insert', 'input lineend')
return 'break'
else:
self.eval_current(True)
self.see('end')
return 'break'
def on_ctrl_return(self, event=None):
"""Handle Ctrl+Return key press"""
self.insert('insert', '\n' + self._prompt2, 'prompt')
return 'break'
def on_backspace(self, event):
"""Handle delete key press"""
if self.compare('insert', '<=', 'input'):
self.mark_set('insert', 'input lineend')
return 'break'
sel = self.tag_ranges('sel')
if sel:
self.delete('sel.first', 'sel.last')
else:
linestart = self.get('insert linestart', 'insert')
if re.search(r' $', linestart):
self.delete('insert-4c', 'insert')
else:
self.delete('insert-1c')
return 'break'
def insert_cmd(self, cmd):
"""Insert lines of code, adding prompts"""
input_index = self.index('input')
self.delete('input', 'end')
lines = cmd.splitlines()
if lines:
indent = len(re.search(r'^( )*', lines[0]).group())
self.insert('insert', lines[0][indent:])
for line in lines[1:]:
line = line[indent:]
self.insert('insert', '\n')
self.prompt(True)
self.insert('insert', line)
self.mark_set('input', input_index)
self.see('end')
def eval_current(self, auto_indent=False):
"""Evaluate code"""
index = self.index('input')
lines = self.get('input', 'insert lineend').splitlines() # commands to execute
self.mark_set('insert', 'insert lineend')
if lines: # there is code to execute
# remove prompts
lines = [lines[0].rstrip()] + [line[len(self._prompt2):].rstrip() for line in lines[1:]]
for i, l in enumerate(lines):
if l.endswith('?'):
lines[i] = 'help(%s)' % l[:-1]
cmds = '\n'.join(lines)
self.insert('insert', '\n')
out = StringIO() # command output
err = StringIO() # command error traceback
with redirect_stderr(err): # redirect error traceback to err
with redirect_stdout(out): # redirect command output
# execute commands in interactive console
res = self._console.push(cmds)
# if res is True, this is a partial command, e.g. 'def test():' and we need to wait for the rest of the code
errors = err.getvalue()
if errors: # there were errors during the execution
self.insert('end', errors) # display the traceback
self.mark_set('input', 'end')
self.see('end')
self.prompt() # insert new prompt
else:
output = out.getvalue() # get output
if output:
self.insert('end', output, 'output')
self.mark_set('input', 'end')
self.see('end')
if not res and self.compare('insert linestart', '>', 'insert'):
self.insert('insert', '\n')
self.prompt(res)
if auto_indent and lines:
# insert indentation similar to previous lines
indent = re.search(r'^( )*', lines[-1]).group()
line = lines[-1].strip()
if line and line[-1] == ':':
indent = indent + ' '
self.insert('insert', indent)
self.see('end')
if res:
self.mark_set('input', index)
self._console.resetbuffer() # clear buffer since the whole command will be retrieved from the text widget
elif lines:
self.history.append(lines) # add commands to history
self._hist_item = len(self.history)
out.close()
err.close()
else:
self.insert('insert', '\n')
self.prompt()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
console = TextConsole(root)
console.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
root.mainloop()