C#泛型继承问题

Question

我想将从泛型中派生的不同类型的对象添加到基类型列表中.我得到这个编译错误

Error   2   Argument 1: cannot convert from 'ConsoleApplication1.Stable' to 'ConsoleApplication1.ShelterBase<ConsoleApplication1.AnimalBase>'   C:\Users\ysn\Desktop\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\Program.cs 43  26  ConsoleApplication1

我看不出问题你能为我提供另一种做这种事情的方法吗？

abstract class AnimalBase { public int SomeCommonProperty;}

abstract class ShelterBase<T> where T : AnimalBase
{
    public abstract List<T> GetAnimals();
    public abstract void FeedAnimals(List<T> animals);
}


class Horse : AnimalBase { }

class Stable : ShelterBase<Horse>
{
    public override List<Horse> GetAnimals()
    {
        return new List<Horse>();
    }

    public override void FeedAnimals(List<Horse> animals)
    {
        // feed them
    }
}


class Duck : AnimalBase { }

class HenHouse : ShelterBase<Duck>
{
    public override List<Duck> GetAnimals()
    {
        return new List<Duck>();
    }

    public override void FeedAnimals(List<Duck> animals)
    {
        // feed them
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<ShelterBase<AnimalBase>> shelters = new List<ShelterBase<AnimalBase>>();

        ///////////////////////////// following two lines do not compile
        shelters.Add(new Stable()); 
        shelters.Add(new HenHouse());
        /////////////////////////////

        foreach (var shelter in shelters)
        {
            var animals = shelter.GetAnimals();
            // do sth with 'animals' collection
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

您可以使用逆变,但只有当你改变你的抽象类的接口和返回类型GetAnimals到IEnumerable<T>,因为List<T>不支持此功能.

有效的代码:

abstract class AnimalBase { public int SomeCommonProperty;}

interface IShelterBase<out T> where T : AnimalBase
{
    IEnumerable<T> GetAnimals();
}

class Horse : AnimalBase { }

class Stable : IShelterBase<Horse>
{
    public IEnumerable<Horse> GetAnimals()
    {
        return new List<Horse>();
    }
}

class Duck : AnimalBase { }

class HenHouse : IShelterBase<Duck>
{
    public IEnumerable<Duck> GetAnimals()
    {
        return new List<Duck>();
    }
}

void Main()
{
    List<IShelterBase<AnimalBase>> shelters = new List<IShelterBase<AnimalBase>>();

    shelters.Add(new Stable());
    shelters.Add(new HenHouse());

    foreach (var shelter in shelters)
    {
        var animals = shelter.GetAnimals();
        // do something with 'animals' collection
    }
}