在模块 jetified-hamcrest-core-1.3.jar 中发现重复的类 org.hamcrest.BaseDescription

Question

安卓工作室3.6

应用程序/build.gradle：

 androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.azimolabs.conditionwatcher:conditionwatcher:0.2'
    // Espresso framework
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espresso_version"
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:$espresso_version"
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$espresso_version"
    androidTestImplementation 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-junit:2.0.0.0'

    // UI Automator framework
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator:2.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:mockwebserver:3.8.0'

    // for test fragments
    debugImplementation 'androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:1.2.0-rc02'

    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    testImplementation 'com.nhaarman:mockito-kotlin-kt1.1:1.5.0'

在 gradle.properties 中：

android.useAndroidX=true
android.enableJetifier=true

这是我的 Espresso 仪器测试：

import okhttp3.mockwebserver.MockWebServer
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Rule
import org.junit.Test
import org.hamcrest.text.MatchesPattern
import org.junit.runner.RunWith

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class FeedbackActivityTransportTest {
 @Test
    fun buttonSend_click_checkRequest() {
        val request = mockServer.takeRequest();
        assertEquals("POST", request.method)
        assertThat(
            request.body.toString(),
            MatchesPattern.matchesPattern("(\"feedback.*\\\"type\\\":2\"))")
        )
    }

但我收到错误：

Duplicate class org.hamcrest.BaseDescription found in modules jetified-hamcrest-core-1.3.jar (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3) and jetified-java-hamcrest-2.0.0.0.jar (org.hamcrest:java-hamcrest:2.0.0.0)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher found in modules jetified-hamcrest-core-1.3.jar (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3) and jetified-java-hamcrest-2.0.0.0.jar (org.hamcrest:java-hamcrest:2.0.0.0)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.Condition found in modules jetified-hamcrest-core-1.3.jar (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3) and jetified-java-hamcrest-2.0.0.0.jar (org.hamcrest:java-hamcrest:2.0.0.0)
Duplicate class org.hamcrest.Condition$1 found in modules jetified-hamcrest-core-1.3.jar (org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3) and jetified-java-hamcrest-2.0.0.0.jar (org.hamcrest:java-hamcrest:2.0.0.0)

Answer 1

排除junit并优先考虑Hamcrest将禁用使用 JUnit 执行单元测试的机会！这就是为什么你会在 Android studio 中收到错误：Cannot resolve '@Before' or '@Test'在进行单元测试时。正确的方法是用JUnit替换Hamcrest！

将此代码放置到应用程序级别的build.gradle中：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.dependencySubstitution {
        substitute module('org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1') with module('junit:junit:4.10')
    }
}

Answer 2

我认为当您添加依赖项时会发生此问题（因为您的情况Hamcrest和另一个依赖项、库、Jar 文件等...也在使用 Hamcrest！但使用另一个版本。

如果您在应用程序 Gradle中强制使用Hamcrest依赖项，如下所示可能会解决您的问题：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        force 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-junit:2.0.0.0'
    }
}

应用后，如果遇到相同的错误，请尝试像这样排除：

configurations { compile.exclude group: "junit", module: "junit" }