我搞砸了 Steam 安装，如何修复损坏的软件包？

Question

我有Ubuntu 18.04，不是直接安装的，而是从16.10升级的，我已经有一段时间没有在这台计算机上使用Steam了（也许是从18.04升级之前开始，不记得了），这导致了问题，经过一段时间的搜寻网上寻找可能的解决方案，我不得不认输。

我尝试了 sudo apt-get autoremove/update/upgrade/dist-upgrade 系列，但它没有做任何事情。

编辑：我还完成了 sudo apt-get clean 和 sudo apt-get install -f 。

我还尝试通过删除 .steam/ 和 .local/share/Steam/ 来完全卸载。

我知道简单地手动安装软件包的方法，但这对我来说也不起作用。观察：

$ sudo apt install steam
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 steam:i386 : Depends: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (>= 17.3) but it is not going to be installed or
                       libtxc-dxtn0:i386
              Depends: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 but it is not going to be installed
              Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not going to be installed
              Recommends: nvidia-driver-libs-i386:i386 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

由此，我尝试运行以下命令：

$ sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Depends: libllvm8:i386 (>= 1:8~svn298832-1~) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

$ sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libllvm8:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libllvm8:i386 : Depends: libatomic1:i386 (>= 4.8) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

$ sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libllvm8:i386 libatomic1:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 debhelper : Depends: dh-autoreconf (>= 17~) but it is not going to be installed
 libatomic1:i386 : Depends: gcc-8-base:i386 (= 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1) but 8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04 is to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

此时，我真的不知道该怎么办。特别是响应“但要安装8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04”这一行。我有 Ubuntu 18.04。为什么要安装 16.04 版本的东西？

为了完成，再尝试一次：

$ sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libllvm8:i386 libatomic1:i386 dh-autoreconf gcc-8-base:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
gcc-8-base:i386 is already the newest version (8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04).
gcc-8-base:i386 set to manually installed.
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 dh-autoreconf : Depends: libtool (>= 2.4.2) but it is not going to be installed
 libatomic1:i386 : Depends: gcc-8-base:i386 (= 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1) but 8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

并且包括 gcc-8-base:i386 没有任何作用。

我是如何破坏 Ubuntu 的安装的？

Answer 1

检查您是否已启用restricted和universe存储库。

您还可以运行：

• 这将从软件包中清除本地存储库，以便再次下载它们

  apt-get clean

• 这是重新安装损坏的软件包

  apt-get -f install