Maven jUnit5 org.junit.platform.runner、org.junit.platform.suite.api不存在

Question

使用 Eclipse。能够从 Eclipse IDE 启动测试，但是“maven install”失败并抛出：

package org.junit.platform.runner does not exist
package org.junit.platform.suite.api does not exist
package org.junit.runner does not exist
cannot find symbol  symbol: class RunWith
cannot find symbol  symbol: class SelectClasses

这些是我的 pom.xml 文件依赖项

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

为什么我的 IDE 能够启动测试脚本和程序本身，但 Maven 构建失败并抛出上述错误？

Answer 1

看起来我错过了一些依赖项（必须添加 junit-platform-launcher 和 junit-platform-runner），而且为了在每个构建上运行测试，必须添加构建插件。现在我的 pom.xml 看起来像这样：

<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

        <junit.jupiter.version>5.5.2</junit.jupiter.version>
        <junit.platform.version>1.5.2</junit.platform.version>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-runner -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-launcher -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>