无法在 Windows 10 和 Python 3.7 上安装 dlib

Question

我正在尝试在 Windows 10 上的 Anaconda Python\xc2\xa03.7 上安装 OpenCV、dlib。

\n

我已经安装了 Visual studio 2015 作为先决条件以及 CMake。当我尝试在计算机上安装 dlib 时，出现以下错误。我也无法安装OpenCV。我尝试使用 .whl 文件安装 dlib。但是，仍然没有运气。

\n

Collecting dlib\n  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/62/aacb236d21fbd08148b1d517d58a9d80ea31bdcd386d26f21f8b23b1eb28/dlib-19.18.0.tar.gz\nBuilding wheels for collected packages: dlib\n  Building wheel for dlib (setup.py) ... error\n  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:\n   command: \'C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\python.exe\' -u -c \'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = \'"\'"\'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\setup.py\'"\'"\'; __file__=\'"\'"\'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\setup.py\'"\'"\';f=getattr(tokenize, \'"\'"\'open\'"\'"\', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(\'"\'"\'\\r\\n\'"\'"\', \'"\'"\'\\n\'"\'"\');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, \'"\'"\'exec\'"\'"\'))\' bdist_wheel -d \'C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-wheel-2nm313mu\' --python-tag cp37\n       cwd: C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\\n  Complete output (73 lines):\n  running bdist_wheel\n  running build\n  running build_py\n  package init file \'dlib\\__init__.py\' not found (or not a regular file)\n  running build_ext\n  Building extension for Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug  9 2019, 18:34:13) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)]\n  Invoking CMake setup: \'cmake C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\tools\\python -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\lib.win-amd64-3.7 -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\python.exe -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE=C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\lib.win-amd64-3.7 -A x64\'\n  -- Building for: Visual Studio 14 2015\n  -- Selecting Windows SDK version  to target Windows 10.0.17763.\n  CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):\n    Failed to run MSBuild command:\n\n      C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/bin/MSBuild.exe\n\n    to get the value of VCTargetsPath:\n\n      Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 14.0.25420.1\n      Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.\n\n      Build started 10/23/2019 9:27:01 AM.\n      Project "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).\n      C:\\Program Files (x86)\\MSBuild\\Microsoft.Cpp\\v4.0\\V140\\Platforms\\x64\\PlatformToolsets\\v140\\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj]\n      Done Building Project "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.\n\n      Build FAILED.\n\n      "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->\n      (Desktop_PlatformPrepareForBuild target) ->\n        C:\\Program Files (x86)\\MSBuild\\Microsoft.Cpp\\v4.0\\V140\\Platforms\\x64\\PlatformToolsets\\v140\\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj]\n\n          0 Warning(s)\n          1 Error(s)\n\n      Time Elapsed 00:00:00.51\n\n\n    Exit code: 1\n\n\n\n  -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!\n  See also "C:/Users/dbi227/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-install-9vjrsx_l/dlib/build/temp.win-amd64-3.7/Release/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".\n  Traceback (most recent call last):\n    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\setup.py", line 261, in <module>\n      \'Topic :: Software Development\',\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools\\__init__.py", line 145, in setup\n      return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\core.py", line 148, in setup\n      dist.run_commands()\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands\n      self.run_command(cmd)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 985, in run_command\n      cmd_obj.run()\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\site-packages\\wheel\\bdist_wheel.py", line 192, in run\n      self.run_command(\'build\')\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command\n      self.distribution.run_command(command)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 985, in run_command\n      cmd_obj.run()\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\command\\build.py", line 135, in run\n      self.run_command(cmd_name)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command\n      self.distribution.run_command(command)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 985, in run_command\n      cmd_obj.run()\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\setup.py", line 135, in run\n      self.build_extension(ext)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\setup.py", line 172, in build_extension\n      subprocess.check_call(cmake_setup, cwd=build_folder)\n    File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\subprocess.py", line 347, in check_call\n      raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)\n  subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command \'[\'cmake\', \'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\tools\\\\python\', \'-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\build\\\\lib.win-amd64-3.7\', \'-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Continuum\\\\anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\opencv-env\\\\python.exe\', \'-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE=C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\build\\\\lib.win-amd64-3.7\', \'-A\', \'x64\']\' returned non-zero exit status 1.\n  ----------------------------------------\n  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib\n  Running setup.py clean for dlib\nFailed to build dlib\nInstalling collected packages: dlib\n    Running setup.py install for dlib ... error\n    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:\n     command: \'C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\python.exe\' -u -c \'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = \'"\'"\'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\setup.py\'"\'"\'; __file__=\'"\'"\'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\setup.py\'"\'"\';f=getattr(tokenize, \'"\'"\'open\'"\'"\', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(\'"\'"\'\\r\\n\'"\'"\', \'"\'"\'\\n\'"\'"\');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, \'"\'"\'exec\'"\'"\'))\' install --record \'C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-record-3ic8n66v\\install-record.txt\' --single-version-externally-managed --compile\n         cwd: C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\\n    Complete output (75 lines):\n    running install\n    running build\n    running build_py\n    package init file \'dlib\\__init__.py\' not found (or not a regular file)\n    running build_ext\n    Building extension for Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug  9 2019, 18:34:13) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)]\n    Invoking CMake setup: \'cmake C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\tools\\python -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\lib.win-amd64-3.7 -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\python.exe -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE=C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\lib.win-amd64-3.7 -A x64\'\n    -- Building for: Visual Studio 14 2015\n    -- Selecting Windows SDK version  to target Windows 10.0.17763.\n    CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):\n      Failed to run MSBuild command:\n\n        C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/bin/MSBuild.exe\n\n      to get the value of VCTargetsPath:\n\n        Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 14.0.25420.1\n        Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.\n\n        Build started 10/23/2019 9:27:03 AM.\n        Project "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).\n        C:\\Program Files (x86)\\MSBuild\\Microsoft.Cpp\\v4.0\\V140\\Platforms\\x64\\PlatformToolsets\\v140\\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj]\n        Done Building Project "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.\n\n        Build FAILED.\n\n        "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->\n        (Desktop_PlatformPrepareForBuild target) ->\n          C:\\Program Files (x86)\\MSBuild\\Microsoft.Cpp\\v4.0\\V140\\Platforms\\x64\\PlatformToolsets\\v140\\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\build\\temp.win-amd64-3.7\\Release\\CMakeFiles\\3.15.3\\VCTargetsPath.vcxproj]\n\n            0 Warning(s)\n            1 Error(s)\n\n        Time Elapsed 00:00:00.10\n\n\n      Exit code: 1\n\n\n\n    -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!\n    See also "C:/Users/dbi227/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-install-9vjrsx_l/dlib/build/temp.win-amd64-3.7/Release/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".\n    Traceback (most recent call last):\n      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\setup.py", line 261, in <module>\n        \'Topic :: Software Development\',\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools\\__init__.py", line 145, in setup\n        return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\core.py", line 148, in setup\n        dist.run_commands()\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands\n        self.run_command(cmd)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 985, in run_command\n        cmd_obj.run()\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools\\command\\install.py", line 61, in run\n        return orig.install.run(self)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\command\\install.py", line 545, in run\n        self.run_command(\'build\')\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command\n        self.distribution.run_command(command)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 985, in run_command\n        cmd_obj.run()\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\command\\build.py", line 135, in run\n        self.run_command(cmd_name)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command\n        self.distribution.run_command(command)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\distutils\\dist.py", line 985, in run_command\n        cmd_obj.run()\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\setup.py", line 135, in run\n        self.build_extension(ext)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\dlib\\setup.py", line 172, in build_extension\n        subprocess.check_call(cmake_setup, cwd=build_folder)\n      File "C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\lib\\subprocess.py", line 347, in check_call\n        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)\n    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command \'[\'cmake\', \'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\tools\\\\python\', \'-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\build\\\\lib.win-amd64-3.7\', \'-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Continuum\\\\anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\opencv-env\\\\python.exe\', \'-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE=C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\build\\\\lib.win-amd64-3.7\', \'-A\', \'x64\']\' returned non-zero exit status 1.\n    ----------------------------------------\nERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: \'C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\anaconda3\\envs\\opencv-env\\python.exe\' -u -c \'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = \'"\'"\'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\setup.py\'"\'"\'; __file__=\'"\'"\'C:\\\\Users\\\\dbi227\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\pip-install-9vjrsx_l\\\\dlib\\\\setup.py\'"\'"\';f=getattr(tokenize, \'"\'"\'open\'"\'"\', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(\'"\'"\'\\r\\n\'"\'"\', \'"\'"\'\\n\'"\'"\');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, \'"\'"\'exec\'"\'"\'))\' install --record \'C:\\Users\\dbi227\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-record-3ic8n66v\\install-record.txt\' --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.\n

\n

Answer 1

我尝试了很多方法来使用最新版本的 Anaconda，即 Python\xc2\xa03.7。然而，我却无法这样做。因为没有一个 .whl 文件与 Python\xc2\xa03.7 兼容，但与 Python\xc2\xa03.6 兼容。所以，我点击了链接将 Python 版本降级到 3.6。这样，spyder 和 Python 都会降级到 3.6 版本。完成此操作后，我使用以下命令安装了 OpenCV。

\n

pip install opencv-python\npip install opencv-contrib-python\n

\n

我使用以下命令安装了 dlib。

\n

pip install dlib-19.8.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl\n

\n

这样就成功安装了最新版本的dlib。

\n

为了检查一切是否安装正确，我使用的命令和在 Anaconda 提示符下得到的输出如下。

\n

(py36) C:\\Users\\dbi227> python\nPython 3.6.9 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jul 30 2019, 14:00:49) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32\nType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.\n>>> import cv2\n>>> cv2.__version__\n\'4.1.1\'\n>>> import dlib\n>>> dlib.__version__\n\'19.8.1\'\n

\n

检查您的 iPython 安装是否也降级到 3.6 非常重要。为此，我在启动选项上除了spyder（anaconda3）之外还有一个选项spyder（py36）。确保单击spyder(py36)。因为那是安装库的地方。要检查它，您只需输入：

\n

import cv2\nimport dlib\n

\n

如果这些命令没有显示任何错误，则说明库已正确安装。

\n