python 2/3 升级后运行 django 测试时出错，unittest.loader._FailedTest

Question

我正在帮助我的团队将他们的应用程序从 python 2 升级到 3，但在单元测试中遇到了错误。当我使用以下命令运行测试时：

python3 manage.py test groupapp --settings=settings.deploy_dev

我收到以下错误。但如果我运行：

python3 manage.py test groupapp.tests --settings=settings.deploy_dev

错误不会发生。值得注意的是，即使我从测试文件夹中删除了所有测试，这些错误也会发生，并且据我所知，它们没有连接到实际的测试用例。

我不明白 python 3 中这两个调用之间的区别。在 python 2 中，如果我运行这两个调用，我会得到相同的结果（没有测试失败）。

groupapp_v2.groupapp.admin (unittest.loader._FailedTest) ... ERROR
groupapp_v2.groupapp.models (unittest.loader._FailedTest) ... ERROR

======================================================================
ERROR: groupapp_v2.groupapp.admin (unittest.loader._FailedTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError: Failed to import test module: groupapp_v2.groupapp.admin
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 462, in _find_test_path
    package = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 369, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
  File "/Users/matthew/bitbucket/consortium-website/groupapp_v2/groupapp/admin/__init__.py", line 73, in <module>
    admin.site.register(Grid, GridAdmin)
  File "/Users/matthew/virtualenv/groupapp-python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py", line 110, in register
    raise AlreadyRegistered('The model %s is already registered' % model.__name__)
django.contrib.admin.sites.AlreadyRegistered: The model Grid is already registered


======================================================================
ERROR: groupapp_v2.groupapp.models (unittest.loader._FailedTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError: Failed to import test module: groupapp_v2.groupapp.models
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 462, in _find_test_path
    package = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 369, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
  File "/Users/matthew/bitbucket/consortium-website/groupapp_v2/groupapp/models/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from .deployable import *
  File "/Users/matthew/bitbucket/consortium-website/groupapp_v2/groupapp/models/deployable.py", line 22, in <module>
    class Keyword_LibraryM2M(Model):
  File "/Users/matthew/virtualenv/groupapp-python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 118, in __new__
    "INSTALLED_APPS." % (module, name)
RuntimeError: Model class groupapp_v2.groupapp.models.deployable.Keyword_LibraryM2M doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.```

Answer 1

从 2.7 到 3，unittest（默认的 Django 测试运行程序）中的测试发现发生了很大变化。实际上，您想要做的是调用测试的两种不同方式，来自 Django 文档：

# Run all the tests in the animals.tests module
$ ./manage.py test animals.tests

# Run all the tests found within the 'animals' package
$ ./manage.py test animals

您的应用程序可能有更多测试发现您明确告诉运行程序运行的测试，这不是您的应用程序的问题，这只是库的问题。