遍历文件夹结构，重命名文件以匹配子文件夹，保留文件扩展名

Question

我是 python 和编码的新手，作为第一个项目，我希望创建一个 python 脚本，它将遍历文件夹结构并查看每个子文件夹内部并重命名其中的文件以匹配子文件夹的名称。

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文件夹结构示例：

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root folder\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 first sub-folder (Batman)\n\xe2\x94\x82   \xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.extension (joker.pdf)\n\xe2\x94\x82   \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.differentExtension (bane.jpg)\n\xe2\x94\x82\n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 second sub-folder\n    \xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.extension\n    \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.differentExtension\n

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因此，脚本完成后，结果将如下所示：

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root folder\n\xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 first sub-folder (Batman)\n\xe2\x94\x82   \xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.extension (Batman.pdf)\n\xe2\x94\x82   \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.differentExtension (Batman.jpg)\n\xe2\x94\x82\n\xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 second sub-folder\n    \xe2\x94\x9c\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.extension\n    \xe2\x94\x94\xe2\x94\x80\xe2\x94\x80 filename.differentExtension\n

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我正在寻找有关如何解决此问题的建议，我正在考虑使用 os.path.splitext 将文件名与文件扩展名分开，但我不确定如何将文件名更改为子文件夹值，然后连接文件名和文件扩展名重新组合在一起。

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Answer 1

我将使用os.walk, 并ntpath使用递归函数来遍历所有目录和子目录...随时重命名。下面的代码绝对可以被压缩......但我想让它更明确，以帮助您理解正在发生的事情。

import os
import ntpath

print(os.getcwd()) # Information for testing
rootDir = "/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test" # Will start here

# Create a recursive function. 
# This function will call itself, to pass in new directories it finds
def walkit(rootDir):
    # os.walk gives you the name of the directory it's in, 
    # all the subdirs (as a list), 
    # and all the filesnames (as a list)
    for thisDir, thisDir_subDirs, thisDir_files in os.walk(rootDir):
        print("---------------------------")
        print("This Directory =", thisDir, "\nSubdirectories:", thisDir_subDirs, "\nFiles:", thisDir_files)
        # Loop through and change the filenames first
        for filename in thisDir_files:
            # Get JUST the filename with extension
            basename        = ntpath.basename(filename)
            # Split the filename into name + extension 
            name, ext   = os.path.splitext(basename) 
            # Next split the last directory off the full directory path. 
            # Returns a tuple, so you have to take the second element "[1]"
            newname = ntpath.split(thisDir)[1]
            # Python join to create a new name + extension
            newfilename = ''.join([newname, ext])
            # Set the source by joining the current FULL directory path and the FULL old name
            src = os.path.join(thisDir, filename)
            # Set the destination by joining the current FULL path plus the FULL NEW name
            dst = os.path.join(thisDir, newfilename)
            try: # Use try except to catch problems
                print("Renaming '{}' to '{}' ... ".format(src, dst), end = '') 
                os.rename(src, dst) # Rename the file
                print("OK") # Worked
            except Exception as e: # Failed
                print("FAILED! (ERROR:{})".format(str(e)))

        # Now cycle through the list of subdirectories and 
        # send each directory back into the walkit function. 
        # As each loop calls the function, it winds itself a new level deep
        # Each time the function finishes, it "UNwinds" itself one level        
        for rootDir in thisDir_subDirs:
            walkit(rootDir)

# Start the first iteratin by calling the function with the first directory to be parsed
walkit(rootDir)

输出：

/home/user/eclipse-workspace/
---------------------------
This Directory = /home/user/eclipse-workspace/test 
Subdirectories: ['robin', 'batman'] 
Files: []
---------------------------
This Directory = /home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/robin 
Subdirectories: [] 
Files: ['riddler.jpg', 'penguin.pdf']
ext= .jpg
newfilename =  robin.jpg
Renaming '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/robin/riddler.jpg' to '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/robin/robin.jpg' ... OK
ext= .pdf
newfilename =  robin.pdf
Renaming '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/robin/penguin.pdf' to '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/robin/robin.pdf' ... OK
---------------------------
This Directory = /home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/batman 
Subdirectories: [] 
Files: ['joker.pdf', 'bane.jpg']
ext= .pdf
newfilename =  batman.pdf
Renaming '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/batman/joker.pdf' to '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/batman/batman.pdf' ... OK
ext= .jpg
newfilename =  batman.jpg
Renaming '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/batman/bane.jpg' to '/home/user/eclipse-workspace/test/batman/batman.jpg' ... OK