如何在设备启动时启动 android 应用程序？

Question

我需要启动 android 前台服务，并在设备启动时从该服务启动活动。我已经广泛搜索了 web 和 stackoverflow 并尝试了不同的建议，但很奇怪我无法使此功能正常工作。

我不明白我做错了什么。

以下是我的项目中的代码和清单文件的内容。

我做错了什么以及如何解决它，在大多数 android 设备上工作的功能？

这是我的 AndroidManifest.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="kor.location.tracker">


    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" ></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>


    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

        <receiver android:name="kor.location.tracker.AutoStart">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>


        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>


        <service android:enabled="true"
            android:name="kor.location.tracker.WorkerService"
            android:exported="true"
            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"
            />

    </application>

</manifest>

这是我的 Austostart.java：

package kor.location.tracker;


import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class AutoStart  extends BroadcastReceiver
    {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1)
        {

            try {
                System.out.println("test1");
                if (Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED.equals(arg1.getAction())) {
                    System.out.println("test2");
                    WorkerService.enqueueWork(context, new Intent());
                    System.out.println("test3");
                }

            }catch(Exception ex) {

                Toast.makeText(context, ex.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
            /*
            Intent intent = new Intent(context, WorkerService.class);
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
                context.startForegroundService(intent);
            } else {
                context.startService(intent);
            }
            Log.i("Autostart", "started");

             */
        }
    }

这是我的服务类 WorkerService.java：

package kor.location.tracker;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.core.app.JobIntentService;

public class WorkerService  extends JobIntentService
{

    public static void enqueueWork(Context context, Intent work) {
        enqueueWork(context, WorkerService.class, 104501, work);
    }
/*
    private static final String TAG = "MyService";
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }
    public void onDestroy() {
        Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Stopped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
    }
*/
    @Override
    protected void onHandleWork(@NonNull Intent intent) {
        Intent intents = new Intent(getBaseContext(),MainActivity.class);
        intents.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        startActivity(intents);
        //Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        //Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
    }
/*
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startid)
    {
        final LocationListener mLocationListener = new LocationListener() {
            @Override
            public void onLocationChanged(final Location location) {
                //your code here
                String kuku = location.getLatitude() + "=" + location.getLongitude();
                Toast.makeText(WorkerService.this, kuku, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                Log.d(TAG, kuku);

                ;
                ;
                location.getAltitude();
                location.getSpeed();
            }

            @Override
            public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {

            }
        };

        LocationManager mLocationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);


        try {

            mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 60000,
                    1, mLocationListener);

        }catch (SecurityException ex){

            Toast.makeText(this, ex.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            Log.d(TAG, ex.getMessage());
        }


        Intent intents = new Intent(getBaseContext(),MainActivity.class);
        intents.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        startActivity(intents);
        Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
    }
    */
}

这是我尚未启动的活动：

package kor.location.tracker;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.os.Bundle;

import com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton;
import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        FloatingActionButton fab = findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
            }
        });

        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Hello........", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();


        List<String> permissions = new ArrayList<String>();

        if(getApplicationContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.INTERNET) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissions.add(Manifest.permission.INTERNET);
        }

        if(getApplicationContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissions.add(Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED);
        }

        if(getApplicationContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
        }

        if(getApplicationContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        }

        if(getApplicationContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissions.add(Manifest.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
        }

        if(permissions.size()>0) {

            String[] arr = new String[permissions.size()];
            permissions.toArray(arr);
            //System.out.println();
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, arr, 1);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

Answer 1

1-对于从后台启动活动的问题

在 API29 Android 中限制从后台启动活动。前台服务也被视为后台进程。如果您在 Android 10 中进行测试，您的活动可能会受到此限制的影响。

Android Q 限制：https : //developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/background-starts

可能的解决方案：https : //stackoverflow.com/a/59421118/11982611

2- 一些品牌限制应用程序在启动时启动以提高设备的启动时间。所以应用程序需要独占权限才能在启动时启动。

可能的解决方案（以编程方式）：https : //stackoverflow.com/a/49167712/11982611

对于小米，从设置启用自动启动 https://dontkillmyapp.com/xiaomi

Answer 2

在清单文件中添加启动权限后（请参阅下面的代码），BroadcastReceiver 开始获取启动完成事件，并且服务成功启动。为了使解决方案发挥作用（如 @Eren T\xc3\xbcfek\xc3\xa7i 所建议），我必须在我的应用程序的手机设置中启用自动启动权限。如果有人有解决方案，如何以编程方式启用它，请告诉我们。谢谢。

\n\n

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"\n    package="kor.location.tracker">\n\n\n    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" ></uses-permission>\n    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />\n    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />\n    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>\n    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>\n\n\n    <application\n        android:allowBackup="true"\n        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"\n        android:label="@string/app_name"\n        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"\n        android:supportsRtl="true"\n        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">\n\n        <receiver android:name="kor.location.tracker.AutoStart"\n            android:enabled="true"\n            android:exported="true">\n            <intent-filter android:directBootAware="true">\n                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />\n                <action android:name="android.intent.action.LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED" />\n                <action android:name="android.intent.action.QUICKBOOT_POWERON" />\n                <action android:name="android.intent.action.REBOOT"/>\n            </intent-filter>\n        </receiver>\n\n\n        <activity\n            android:name=".MainActivity"\n            android:label="@string/app_name"\n            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">\n            <intent-filter>\n                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />\n\n                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />\n            </intent-filter>\n        </activity>\n\n\n        <service android:enabled="true"\n            android:name="kor.location.tracker.WorkerService"\n            android:exported="true"\n            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"\n            />\n\n    </application>\n\n</manifest>\n

\n