我有多个文件，其中包含以下模式的数千行：
O HOH 1 11.700 -11.906 1.533
H HOH 0 12.561 -12.318 1.596
H HOH 0 11.445 -12.031 0.627
O HOH 2 17.897 8.999 -0.104
H HOH 0 18.444 8.521 0.516
H HOH 0 17.127 8.457 -0.223
O HOH 3 -0.688 10.310 -15.189
H HOH 0 -0.760 9.366 -15.055
H HOH 0 -0.494 10.665 -14.324
O HOH 4 -10.418 3.733 4.069
H HOH 0 -9.928 3.726 4.897
H HOH 0 -11.222 4.218 4.268
O HOH 5 2.655 -8.910 13.338
H HOH 0 2.377 -9.739 13.737
H HOH 0 1.847 -8.531 12.992
O HOH 6 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 0 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 0 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
O HOH 7 14.338 -15.985 -1.467
H HOH 0 15.129 -15.647 -1.886
H HOH 0 13.854 -16.408 -2.175
O HOH 8 -15.510 -7.073 1.857
H HOH 0 -15.526 -6.116 1.874
H HOH 0 -16.341 -7.321 1.464
O HOH 9 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 0 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 0 9.943 6.018 -7.768
.
.
.
.
O HOH 999999 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 0 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 0 9.943 6.018 -7.768
我需要的是更换的各2个连续的时刻'H HOH 0'与'H HOH xxx'地方xxx是0以上的权值
我尝试过的是，我使用以下命令将大文件分成3行文件
split -l 3 foo
然后使用awk将所需的值复制到另一个文件
awk 'NR==1 print $3' > foo--
然后尝试通过读取文件foo--并使用sed替换模式来替换foo中的“ 0”
sed -e '/ 0 /{r foo--' -e 'd}' foo
但这没用
很确定有更好的方法可以做到这一点
最终结果应如下所示：
O HOH 1 11.700 -11.906 1.533
H HOH 1 12.561 -12.318 1.596
H HOH 1 11.445 -12.031 0.627
O HOH 2 17.897 8.999 -0.104
H HOH 2 18.444 8.521 0.516
H HOH 2 17.127 8.457 -0.223
O HOH 3 -0.688 10.310 -15.189
H HOH 3 -0.760 9.366 -15.055
H HOH 3 -0.494 10.665 -14.324
O HOH 4 -10.418 3.733 4.069
H HOH 4 -9.928 3.726 4.897
H HOH 4 -11.222 4.218 4.268
O HOH 5 2.655 -8.910 13.338
H HOH 5 2.377 -9.739 13.737
H HOH 5 1.847 -8.531 12.992
O HOH 6 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 6 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 6 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
.
.
.
O HOH 99999 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 99999 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 99999 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
如果您不关心字段之间的间距，则只需获取所需的值：
$ awk '$1=="H"{$3=p} {p=$3} 1' file
O HOH 1 11.700 -11.906 1.533
H HOH 1 12.561 -12.318 1.596
H HOH 1 11.445 -12.031 0.627
O HOH 2 17.897 8.999 -0.104
H HOH 2 18.444 8.521 0.516
H HOH 2 17.127 8.457 -0.223
O HOH 3 -0.688 10.310 -15.189
H HOH 3 -0.760 9.366 -15.055
H HOH 3 -0.494 10.665 -14.324
O HOH 4 -10.418 3.733 4.069
H HOH 4 -9.928 3.726 4.897
H HOH 4 -11.222 4.218 4.268
O HOH 5 2.655 -8.910 13.338
H HOH 5 2.377 -9.739 13.737
H HOH 5 1.847 -8.531 12.992
O HOH 6 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 6 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 6 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
O HOH 7 14.338 -15.985 -1.467
H HOH 7 15.129 -15.647 -1.886
H HOH 7 13.854 -16.408 -2.175
O HOH 8 -15.510 -7.073 1.857
H HOH 8 -15.526 -6.116 1.874
H HOH 8 -16.341 -7.321 1.464
O HOH 9 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 9 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 9 9.943 6.018 -7.768
O HOH 999999 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 999999 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 999999 9.943 6.018 -7.768
或以空格分隔，最后 4 个字段右对齐：
$ awk '$1=="H"{$3=p} {p=$3} 1' file | column -t -R3,4,5,6
O HOH 1 11.700 -11.906 1.533
H HOH 1 12.561 -12.318 1.596
H HOH 1 11.445 -12.031 0.627
O HOH 2 17.897 8.999 -0.104
H HOH 2 18.444 8.521 0.516
H HOH 2 17.127 8.457 -0.223
O HOH 3 -0.688 10.310 -15.189
H HOH 3 -0.760 9.366 -15.055
H HOH 3 -0.494 10.665 -14.324
O HOH 4 -10.418 3.733 4.069
H HOH 4 -9.928 3.726 4.897
H HOH 4 -11.222 4.218 4.268
O HOH 5 2.655 -8.910 13.338
H HOH 5 2.377 -9.739 13.737
H HOH 5 1.847 -8.531 12.992
O HOH 6 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 6 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 6 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
O HOH 7 14.338 -15.985 -1.467
H HOH 7 15.129 -15.647 -1.886
H HOH 7 13.854 -16.408 -2.175
O HOH 8 -15.510 -7.073 1.857
H HOH 8 -15.526 -6.116 1.874
H HOH 8 -16.341 -7.321 1.464
O HOH 9 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 9 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 9 9.943 6.018 -7.768
O HOH 999999 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 999999 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 999999 9.943 6.018 -7.768
或 TSV 格式：
$ awk -v OFS='\t' '{$3=($1=="H" ? p : $3); p=$3} 1' file
O HOH 1 11.700 -11.906 1.533
H HOH 1 12.561 -12.318 1.596
H HOH 1 11.445 -12.031 0.627
O HOH 2 17.897 8.999 -0.104
H HOH 2 18.444 8.521 0.516
H HOH 2 17.127 8.457 -0.223
O HOH 3 -0.688 10.310 -15.189
H HOH 3 -0.760 9.366 -15.055
H HOH 3 -0.494 10.665 -14.324
O HOH 4 -10.418 3.733 4.069
H HOH 4 -9.928 3.726 4.897
H HOH 4 -11.222 4.218 4.268
O HOH 5 2.655 -8.910 13.338
H HOH 5 2.377 -9.739 13.737
H HOH 5 1.847 -8.531 12.992
O HOH 6 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 6 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 6 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
O HOH 7 14.338 -15.985 -1.467
H HOH 7 15.129 -15.647 -1.886
H HOH 7 13.854 -16.408 -2.175
O HOH 8 -15.510 -7.073 1.857
H HOH 8 -15.526 -6.116 1.874
H HOH 8 -16.341 -7.321 1.464
O HOH 9 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 9 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 9 9.943 6.018 -7.768
O HOH 999999 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 999999 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 999999 9.943 6.018 -7.768
但是，如果您需要保留原始间距，那么使用 GNU awk 将第 4 个参数设置为 split() ，这将保留您开始使用的任何间距：
$ cat tst.awk
{
if ($1 == "H") {
split(prev,pflds,FS,pseps)
n = split($0,flds,FS,seps)
seps[2] = pseps[2]
flds[3] = pflds[3]
seps[3] = sprintf("%*s",length(pseps[3]) + length(pflds[4]) - length(flds[4]),"")
$0 = ""
for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
$0 = $0 flds[i] seps[i]
}
}
print
prev = $0
}
。
$ awk -f tst.awk file
O HOH 1 11.700 -11.906 1.533
H HOH 1 12.561 -12.318 1.596
H HOH 1 11.445 -12.031 0.627
O HOH 2 17.897 8.999 -0.104
H HOH 2 18.444 8.521 0.516
H HOH 2 17.127 8.457 -0.223
O HOH 3 -0.688 10.310 -15.189
H HOH 3 -0.760 9.366 -15.055
H HOH 3 -0.494 10.665 -14.324
O HOH 4 -10.418 3.733 4.069
H HOH 4 -9.928 3.726 4.897
H HOH 4 -11.222 4.218 4.268
O HOH 5 2.655 -8.910 13.338
H HOH 5 2.377 -9.739 13.737
H HOH 5 1.847 -8.531 12.992
O HOH 6 -0.191 -1.010 -19.469
H HOH 6 0.455 -1.460 -18.924
H HOH 6 -0.571 -0.343 -18.895
O HOH 7 14.338 -15.985 -1.467
H HOH 7 15.129 -15.647 -1.886
H HOH 7 13.854 -16.408 -2.175
O HOH 8 -15.510 -7.073 1.857
H HOH 8 -15.526 -6.116 1.874
H HOH 8 -16.341 -7.321 1.464
O HOH 9 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 9 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 9 9.943 6.018 -7.768
O HOH 999999 9.155 6.561 -7.729
H HOH 999999 9.419 7.335 -7.245
H HOH 999999 9.943 6.018 -7.768