如何在 Django 中正确使用 UUID id 作为 url 参数？

Question

我一直在尝试将 UUID4 id 传递到特定详细信息页面的 url。

浏览 Stackoverflow 和其他网站后，这是我迄今为止尝试过的：

1. 将 url 路径作为 path('car/<uuid:id>/', views.CarDetailView.as_view(), name='car-detail'),

但这会引发错误：必须使用 URLconf 中的对象 pk 或 slug 调用通用详细信息视图 CarDetailView。.

由于 uuid 字段由字母和数字组成，因此我不能使用 int。

2. 所以我用了这个：

path(r"^(?P<car_model>\w+)/$", views.CarDetailView.as_view(), name='car-detail'),

它返回凌乱和损坏的网址：showroom/%5E(%3FP09c32f72-5863-49fa-a42a-1d0fed274c4e%5Cw+)/$

3. 然后我尝试恢复到原始状态，但在 View 类中使用了def_object方法。

def get_object(self):
    object = get_object_or_404(CarInstance,title=self.kwargs['car_model'])
    return object

但这会返回错误：“KeyError at /showroom/car/09c32f72-5863-49fa-a42a-1d0fed274c4e/'car_model'”

模型.py

class CarInstance(models.Model):
    manufacturer = models.ForeignKey('Manufacturer', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    car_model = models.CharField('Model', max_length=50, null=True)

视图.py

class CarDetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = CarInstance
    template_name = 'car_detail'

    def get_queryset(self):
         return CarInstance.objects.all()

    def get_object(self):
           object = get_object_or_404(CarInstance,title=self.kwargs['car_model'])
           return object

    def get_absolute_url(self):
            return reverse('showroom:car-detail', args=[str(self.pk)])

网址的格式应为showroom/car/09c32f72-5863-49fa-a42a-1d0fed274c4e/，这会显示特定对象的详细信息视图。

有任何想法吗？

更新

根据下面的答案，我将 get_object 覆盖更改为

    slug_field = 'title'
    slug_url_kwarg = 'car_detail'

但是我仍然收到相同的 urlconf 必须使用 slug 或 int 错误调用。我应该在模型中定义 slugh 吗？

更新 2

我已经更改了 urlconf，但它引发了同样的错误。这是完整的追溯

Environment:


Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/showroom/car/09c32f72-5863-49fa-a42a-1d0fed274c4e/

Django Version: 2.2.5
Python Version: 3.7.4
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'showroom']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback:

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py" in inner
  34.             response = get_response(request)

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
  115.                 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
  113.                 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py" in view
  71.             return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py" in dispatch
  97.         return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py" in get
  106.         self.object = self.get_object()

File "C:\Users\USER\Envs\torque\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py" in get_object
  47.                 "pk or a slug in the URLconf." % self.__class__.__name__

Exception Type: AttributeError at /showroom/car/09c32f72-5863-49fa-a42a-1d0fed274c4e/
Exception Value: Generic detail view CarDetailView must be called with either an object pk or a slug in the URLconf.

** 另一个更新 **

感谢@ruddra 的帮助，我更改了路径以匹配 slug_url_kwarg = 'car_detail' 现在看起来像这样：

path('car/<slug:car_detail>/', views.CarDetailView.as_view(), name='car-detail')

但是，现在页面会引发 404 错误。

Page not found (404)
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://localhost:8000/showroom/car/09c32f72-5863-49fa-a42a-1d0fed274c4e/
Raised by:  showroom.views.CarDetailView
No car instance found matching the query

Answer 1

您不需要覆盖get_object()方法。您可以简单地使用slug_url_kwarg和slug_field。像这样：

class CarDetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = CarInstance
    template_name = 'car_detail'
    slug_field = 'title'
    slug_url_kwarg = 'car_model'

更多信息可以在get_object()文档中找到。