如何使用Python OpenCV优化圆检测？

Question

我看了几页有关在python中使用opencv优化圆检测的页面。所有这些似乎都特定于给定图片的个别情况。cv2.HoughCircles的每个参数有哪些起点？由于我不确定建议的值是多少，因此我尝试了遍历范围，但这并没有产生任何有希望的结果。为什么我无法检测到此图像中的任何圆圈？

import cv2
import numpy as np
image = cv2.imread('IMG_stack.png')
output = image.copy()
height, width = image.shape[:2]
maxWidth = int(width/10)
minWidth = int(width/20)

gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
circles = cv2.HoughCircles(gray, cv2.HOUGH_GRADIENT, 1.2, 20,param1=50,param2=50,minRadius=minWidth,maxRadius=maxWidth)


if circles is not None:
    # convert the (x, y) coordinates and radius of the circles to integers
    circlesRound = np.round(circles[0, :]).astype("int")
    # loop over the (x, y) coordinates and radius of the circles
    for (x, y, r) in circlesRound:
        cv2.circle(output, (x, y), r, (0, 255, 0), 4)
    cv2.imwrite(filename = 'test.circleDraw.png', img = output)
    cv2.imwrite(filename = 'test.circleDrawGray.png', img = gray)
else:
    print ('No circles found')

这应该是一个简单的圆检测，但是检测到的所有圆都不是紧密的。

Answer 1

通常，圆检测可以使用传统的图像处理方法来完成，例如阈值+轮廓检测、霍夫圆或轮廓拟合，但由于圆是重叠/接触的，分水岭分割可能会更好。这是一个很好的资源。

import cv2
import numpy as np
from skimage.feature import peak_local_max
from skimage.morphology import watershed
from scipy import ndimage

# Load in image, convert to gray scale, and Otsu's threshold
image = cv2.imread('1.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]

# Remove small noise by filtering using contour area
cnts = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]

for c in cnts:
    if cv2.contourArea(c) < 1000:
        cv2.drawContours(thresh,[c], 0, (0,0,0), -1)

cv2.imshow('thresh', thresh)
# Compute Euclidean distance from every binary pixel
# to the nearest zero pixel then find peaks
distance_map = ndimage.distance_transform_edt(thresh)
local_max = peak_local_max(distance_map, indices=False, min_distance=20, labels=thresh)

# Perform connected component analysis then apply Watershed
markers = ndimage.label(local_max, structure=np.ones((3, 3)))[0]
labels = watershed(-distance_map, markers, mask=thresh)

# Iterate through unique labels
for label in np.unique(labels):
    if label == 0:
        continue

    # Create a mask
    mask = np.zeros(gray.shape, dtype="uint8")
    mask[labels == label] = 255

    # Find contours and determine contour area
    cnts = cv2.findContours(mask.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
    c = max(cnts, key=cv2.contourArea)
    cv2.drawContours(image, [c], -1, (36,255,12), -1)

cv2.imshow('image', image)
cv2.waitKey()

Answer 2

需要注意的主要参数是minDist、minRadius和maxRadius。

首先分析半径：您有一个宽 12 个圆、高 8 个圆的图像，这为您提供了每个圆的直径大致为width/12，或者半径为(width/12)/2。您使用的约束允许算法检测比所需更大或更小的圆圈，因此您应该使用更适合您的图像的参数化。在本例中，我使用了间隔[0.9 * radius, 1.1 * radius]。

由于没有重叠，您可以说两个圆之间的距离至少是直径，因此minDist可以设置为类似 的值2*minRadius。

这个实现与你的基本相同，只是更新了这 3 个参数：

%matplotlib inline
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

image = cv2.imread('data/balls.jpg')
output = image.copy()
height, width = image.shape[:2]
maxRadius = int(1.1*(width/12)/2)
minRadius = int(0.9*(width/12)/2)

gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
circles = cv2.HoughCircles(image=gray, 
                           method=cv2.HOUGH_GRADIENT, 
                           dp=1.2, 
                           minDist=2*minRadius,
                           param1=50,
                           param2=50,
                           minRadius=minRadius,
                           maxRadius=maxRadius                           
                          )

if circles is not None:
    # convert the (x, y) coordinates and radius of the circles to integers
    circlesRound = np.round(circles[0, :]).astype("int")
    # loop over the (x, y) coordinates and radius of the circles
    for (x, y, r) in circlesRound:
        cv2.circle(output, (x, y), r, (0, 255, 0), 4)

    plt.imshow(output)
else:
    print ('No circles found')

结果是：