将数据清零时出现奇怪的XOR交换行为

Question

谢谢道格.这是修复:

void swap(int& a, int& b) {
    if (&a == &b) // added this check to ensure the same address is not passed in
        return;

    a ^= b;
    b ^= a;
    a ^= b;
}

我正在使用C++实现quicksort以获得乐趣,我使用整数来表示虚拟数据.我一直在使用XOR交换算法来交换两个值,但我注意到我的排序搞砸了.我改变了我的交换算法并且工作正常.我添加了一些调试语句,发现XOR交换做了一些奇怪的事情.

我在交换之前和之后打印了数据,这就是它打印的内容:

...

swapping -5, -3
swapped  -3, -5

swapping -5, -5
swapped  0, 0     <---- What?

swapping -2, -4
swapped  -4, -2

...

这是我的代码:

// this might not be that great or even work as intended but it doesn't really matter for this problem
int av3index(int a[], int indx1, int indx2, int indx3) {
    if (a[indx3] <= max(a[indx1], a[indx2]) && a[indx3] >= min(a[indx1], a[indx2]))
        return indx3;

    if (a[indx2] <= max(a[indx1], a[indx3]) && a[indx2] >= min(a[indx1], a[indx3]))
        return indx2;

    if (a[indx1] <= max(a[indx2], a[indx3]) && a[indx1] >= min(a[indx2], a[indx3]))
        return indx1;
}

void swap(int& a, int& b) {
    /*
    This works
    int tmp = b;
    b = a;
    a = tmp;*/

    cout << "swapping " << a << ", " << b << endl;

    a ^= b;
    b ^= a;
    a ^= b;

    cout << "swapped  " << a << ", " << b << endl << endl;
}

void zqsort(int a[], int len) {
    if (len <= 1)
        return;

    int pivot = av3index(a, 0, len / 2, len - 1);

    swap(a[pivot], a[0]);

    int i = 1, j = len - 1;

    while (i <= j) {
        if (a[i] > a[0]) {
            while (i <= j && a[j] > a[0])
                --j;

            if (i <= j)
                swap(a[i], a[j]);
        }

        ++i;
    }

    swap(a[0], a[j]);

    zqsort(a, len / 2);
    zqsort(a + len / 2, len - len / 2);
}

int main() {
    int values[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5};

    int len = sizeof(values) / sizeof(int);

    int* arr = new int[len];

    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
        arr[i] = values[i];

    zqsort(arr, len);

    cout << "sorted array:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
        cout << arr[i] << endl;

    cin.get();
}

我没有对quicksort代码使用任何引用,所以它可能是错误的,但我不认为这与问题密切相关.

Answer 1

您的交换a和b位置相同.XOR黑客只有在不同的位置才有效.

我认为在C; 这是一张桌子:

           &a != &b  &a == &b
           *a   *b   *a   *b
           -5   -5   -5   -5
*a ^= *b;   0   -5    0    0
*b ^= *a;   0   -5    0    0
*a ^= *b;  -5   -5    0    0