带有 kwargs 的函数的 python 类型签名(typing.Callable)

Pra*_*rni 29 python python-3.x python-typing

我大量使用 python 3 中的 python 类型支持。

最近我试图将一个函数作为参数传递,但kwargstyping.Callable签名中找不到任何帮助。

请检查下面的代码和评论。

import typing

# some function with singnature typing
def fn1_as_arg_with_kwargs(a: int, b: float) -> float:
    return a + b

# some function with singnature typing
def fn2_as_arg_with_kwargs(a: int, b: float) -> float:
    return a * b

# function that get callables as arg
# this works with typing
def function_executor(
        a: int, 
        b: float, 
        fn: typing.Callable[[int, float], float]):
    return fn(a, b)

# But what if I want to name my kwargs 
# (something like below which does not work)
# ... this will help me more complex scenarios 
# ... or am I expecting a lot from python3 ;)
def function_executor(
        a: int, 
        b: float, 
        fn: typing.Callable[["a": int, "b": float], float]):
    return fn(a=a, b=b)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

Mic*_*x2a 42

您可能正在寻找回调协议

简而言之,当您想用复杂的签名表示可调用对象时,您要做的是创建一个自定义协议,该协议定义了一个__call__具有您想要的精确签名的方法。

例如,在您的情况下:

from typing import Protocol

# Or, if you want to support Python 3.7 and below, install the typing_extensions
# module via pip and do the below:
from typing_extensions import Protocol

class MyCallable(Protocol):
    def __call__(self, a: int, b: float) -> float: ...

def good(a: int, b: float) -> float: ...

def bad(x: int, y: float) -> float: ...


def function_executor(a: int, b: float, fn: MyCallable) -> float:
    return fn(a=a, b=b)

function_executor(1, 2.3, good)  # Ok!
function_executor(1, 2.3, bad)   # Errors
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

如果您尝试使用 mypy 对该程序进行类型检查,您将在最后一行收到以下(不可否认的)错误:

Argument 3 to "function_executor" has incompatible type "Callable[[int, float], float]"; expected "MyCallable"
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

(回调协议有点新,所以希望错误消息的质量会随着时间的推移而提高。)


Use*_*716 9

我发现输入回调的示例有点复杂。对于任何正在寻找使用 kwargs 键入函数的简单示例的人:

from typing import Protocol

class MyCallable(Protocol):
    # Define types here, as if __call__ were a function (ignore self).
    def __call__(self, a: int, b: int) -> int:
        ...

# Generic function- types correspond to MyCallable.__call__ args.
def func_add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    return a + b

# Assign the function to a variable called my_function, and add the type.
my_function: MyCallable = func_add

my_function(a=1, b=2)   # This is OK.
my_function(a=1, b="x") # This is NOK.

Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)