Pra*_*rni 29 python python-3.x python-typing
我大量使用 python 3 中的 python 类型支持。
最近我试图将一个函数作为参数传递,但kwargs在typing.Callable签名中找不到任何帮助。
请检查下面的代码和评论。
import typing
# some function with singnature typing
def fn1_as_arg_with_kwargs(a: int, b: float) -> float:
    return a + b
# some function with singnature typing
def fn2_as_arg_with_kwargs(a: int, b: float) -> float:
    return a * b
# function that get callables as arg
# this works with typing
def function_executor(
        a: int, 
        b: float, 
        fn: typing.Callable[[int, float], float]):
    return fn(a, b)
# But what if I want to name my kwargs 
# (something like below which does not work)
# ... this will help me more complex scenarios 
# ... or am I expecting a lot from python3 ;)
def function_executor(
        a: int, 
        b: float, 
        fn: typing.Callable[["a": int, "b": float], float]):
    return fn(a=a, b=b)
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    Mic*_*x2a 42
您可能正在寻找回调协议。
简而言之,当您想用复杂的签名表示可调用对象时,您要做的是创建一个自定义协议,该协议定义了一个__call__具有您想要的精确签名的方法。
例如,在您的情况下:
from typing import Protocol
# Or, if you want to support Python 3.7 and below, install the typing_extensions
# module via pip and do the below:
from typing_extensions import Protocol
class MyCallable(Protocol):
    def __call__(self, a: int, b: float) -> float: ...
def good(a: int, b: float) -> float: ...
def bad(x: int, y: float) -> float: ...
def function_executor(a: int, b: float, fn: MyCallable) -> float:
    return fn(a=a, b=b)
function_executor(1, 2.3, good)  # Ok!
function_executor(1, 2.3, bad)   # Errors
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如果您尝试使用 mypy 对该程序进行类型检查,您将在最后一行收到以下(不可否认的)错误:
Argument 3 to "function_executor" has incompatible type "Callable[[int, float], float]"; expected "MyCallable"
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(回调协议有点新,所以希望错误消息的质量会随着时间的推移而提高。)
我发现输入回调的示例有点复杂。对于任何正在寻找使用 kwargs 键入函数的简单示例的人:
from typing import Protocol
class MyCallable(Protocol):
    # Define types here, as if __call__ were a function (ignore self).
    def __call__(self, a: int, b: int) -> int:
        ...
# Generic function- types correspond to MyCallable.__call__ args.
def func_add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    return a + b
# Assign the function to a variable called my_function, and add the type.
my_function: MyCallable = func_add
my_function(a=1, b=2)   # This is OK.
my_function(a=1, b="x") # This is NOK.
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