IKA*_*min 9 python django django-rest-framework
我正在尝试更新我的 drf 项目中的序列化程序,以便以嵌套方式显示。有问题的两个模型是图像和画廊,图像与画廊相关。
我尝试遵循https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/relations/#nested-relationships,但我不完全确定为什么它不起作用。
下面是models.py
class Gallery(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)
modified_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Image(models.Model):
gallery_id = models.ForeignKey(Gallery, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
img = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/')
created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)
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序列化程序.py
class ImageSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Image
fields = ["gallery_id", "img", "created_on", "id"]
class GallerySerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
image = ImageSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
def validate(self, data):
# Check if user id is equal object id before creation or if SuperUser
request = self.context.get("request")
if request.user.id != data["author"].id and request.user.is_superuser is not True:
raise ValidationError("Unauthorized User Post")
return data
class Meta:
model = Gallery
fields = ["title", "author", "created_on", "modified_on", "image", "id"]
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期待的结果是
[
{
"title": "test_1",
"author": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/2/",
"created_on": "2019-08-19T09:13:45.107658Z",
"modified_on": "2019-08-19T09:13:45.107731Z",
"image": [
{
"gallery_id": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/galleries/24/",
"img": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/media/images/angga-tantama-background-art-minimalism.jpg",
"created_on": "2019-08-20T09:17:31.790901Z",
"id": 6
},
{
"gallery_id": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/galleries/24/",
"img": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/media/images/art-vector-background-illustration-minimalism-angga-tantam-2.jpg",
"created_on": "2019-08-20T09:31:40.505035Z",
"id": 7
}
]
"id": 24
},
{
"title": "test_2",
"author": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/2/",
"created_on": "2019-08-20T09:42:09.448974Z",
"modified_on": "2019-08-20T09:42:09.449042Z",
"id": 27
}
]
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Vai*_*hal 21
image = ImageSerializer(many=True, read_only=True, source='image_set')
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或者
image_set = ImageSerializer(many=True, read_only=True) # use image_set in fields list too.
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假设您有一个Gallery与此类似的对象:
g = Gallery.objects.get(pk=1)
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现在与给定Galley对象相关的所有图像的查询集将是:
Image.objects.filter(gallery_id=g) # g is the gallery object
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在 Django 中,我们可以将其简化为:
g.image_set # same as Image.objects.filter(gallery_id=g)
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现在的问题是这种魔法image_set从何而来。在 Django ORM 中,如果你可以在模型的 ForeignKey 中使用 related_name 来查询相关对象,如下所示:
gallery_id = models.ForeignKey(Gallery, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='something')
# if you do this in your models.py then to get all images of a gallery you will now do:
g.something
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但是,因为你没有指定related_name在ForeginKey默认为model name all lowercase + _set,所以在这种情况下:image_set。
这是docs的链接。
如果您从模型中为同一模型指定两个 ForeignKey,django 也会要求您添加related_name(在进行迁移时),因为它只能默认一个字段的相关名称。
这称为反向关系。forward_relationship当你做这样的事情时会:
img = Image.objects.get(pk=1)
img.gallery_id # get the gallery object related to the image
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这很简单,就像gallery_id模型中的字段一样。
_id,它具有误导性。img.gallery_id不是 Gallery 的 id,它是整个 Gallery 对象。Django 在数据库中保存带有尾随 id 的相关字段,因此在您的情况下,数据库中的列名将是gallery_id_id(很可能,可能已在较新版本中更改)。gallery_id:
img.gallery_id # the gallery object
img.gallery_id.id # actual id of the gallery
img.gallery_id_id # actual id of the gallery
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但是,如果您仅将字段命名为gallery:
img.gallery # the gallery object
img.gallery.id # actual id of the gallery
img.gallery_id # actual id of the gallery
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这要清楚得多。
image_set是模型类的属性了。并且 drf 在字段名称中查找模型属性,因此您可以将字段名称与 attribute( image_set)相同,或者使用source序列化程序的参数指定属性。
小智 5
为了使事情正常工作,您需要使用source 关键字指定序列化程序应在何处获取数据
就你而言,这应该可以解决问题。
class GallerySerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
image = ImageSerializer(source="image_set", many=True, read_only=True)
def validate(self, data):
# Check if user id is equal object id before creation or if SuperUser
request = self.context.get("request")
if request.user.id != data["author"].id and request.user.is_superuser is not True:
raise ValidationError("Unauthorized User Post")
return data
class Meta:
model = Gallery
fields = ["title", "author", "created_on", "modified_on", "image", "id"]
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如果您在 FK 声明中使用“related_name”,则应使用此反向相关名称。
正如您所期望的许多Image例子,我强烈建议您命名您的字段images而不是image
我还建议您查看权限,而不是使用将逻辑放入序列化器中。
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