Ste*_*eve 6 c# entity-framework unit-of-work repository-pattern entity-framework-core
我有这个银行ATM样机应用程序,它实现了一些域驱动的设计架构和工作单元模式。
这个程序有3个基本功能:
这些是项目层:
ATM.Model(域模型实体层)
namespace ATM.Model
{
public class BankAccount
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string AccountName { get; set; }
public decimal Balance { get; set; }
public decimal CheckBalance()
{
return Balance;
}
public void Deposit(int amount)
{
// Domain logic
Balance += amount;
}
public void Withdraw(int amount)
{
// Domain logic
//if(amount > Balance)
//{
// throw new Exception("Withdraw amount exceed account balance.");
//}
Balance -= amount;
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Model
{
public class Transaction
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public int BankAccountId { get; set; }
public DateTime TransactionDateTime { get; set; }
public TransactionType TransactionType { get; set; }
public decimal Amount { get; set; }
}
public enum TransactionType
{
Deposit, Withdraw
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
ATM.Persistence(持久层)
namespace ATM.Persistence.Context
{
public class AppDbContext : DbContext
{
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"[connstring]");
}
public DbSet<BankAccount> BankAccounts { get; set; }
public DbSet<Transaction> Transactions { get; set; }
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.Repository
{
public class RepositoryBankAccount
{
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
public BankAccount FindById(int bankAccountId)
{
return context.BankAccounts.Find(bankAccountId);
}
public void AddBankAccount(BankAccount account)
{
context.BankAccounts.Add(account);
}
public void UpdateBankAccount(BankAccount account)
{
context.Entry(account).State = EntityState.Modified;
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.Repository
{
public class RepositoryTransaction
{
private readonly AppDbContext context;
public RepositoryTransaction()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
public void AddTransaction(Transaction transaction)
{
context.Transactions.Add(transaction);
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.UnitOfWork
{
public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
{
private readonly AppDbContext db;
public UnitOfWork()
{
db = new AppDbContext();
}
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount();
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
private RepositoryTransaction _Transactions;
public RepositoryTransaction Transactions
{
get
{
if (_Transactions == null)
{
_Transactions = new RepositoryTransaction();
}
return _Transactions;
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
db.Dispose();
}
public int Commit()
{
return db.SaveChanges();
}
public void Rollback()
{
db
.ChangeTracker
.Entries()
.ToList()
.ForEach(x => x.Reload());
}
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
ATM.ApplicationService(应用程序层)
namespace ATM.ApplicationService
{
public class AccountService
{
private readonly UnitOfWork uow;
public AccountService()
{
uow = new UnitOfWork();
}
public void DepositAmount(BankAccount bankAccount, int amount)
{
bankAccount.Deposit(amount);
uow.BankAccounts.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit
};
uow.Transactions.AddTransaction(transaction);
try
{
uow.Commit();
}
catch
{
uow.Rollback();
}
finally
{
uow.Dispose();
}
}
public void WithdrawAmount(BankAccount bankAccount, int amount)
{
bankAccount.Withdraw(amount);
uow.BankAccounts.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
//repoBankAccount.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Withdraw
};
uow.Transactions.AddTransaction(transaction);
try
{
uow.Commit();
}
catch
{
uow.Rollback();
}
finally
{
uow.Dispose();
}
}
public decimal CheckBalanceAmount(int bankAccountId)
{
BankAccount bankAccount = uow.BankAccounts.FindById(bankAccountId);
return bankAccount.CheckBalance();
}
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
ATM控制台UICore
namespace ATM.ConsoleUICore
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
AccountService accountService = new AccountService();
RepositoryBankAccount repoBankAccount = new RepositoryBankAccount();
var bankAccount = repoBankAccount.FindById(2);
Console.WriteLine("1. Check balance");
Console.WriteLine("2. Deposit");
Console.WriteLine("3. Withdraw");
Console.WriteLine("Enter option: ");
string opt = Console.ReadLine();
switch (opt)
{
case "1":
Console.WriteLine($"Your balance is ${bankAccount.CheckBalance()}");
break;
case "2":
// User to input amount.
// Data validation to make sure amount is greater than zero.
// Pass the input amount to Application layer.
accountService.DepositAmount(bankAccount, 50);
// After getting the operation status from Application service layer.
// Print operation status here: Either success or fail
Console.WriteLine("Deposit successfully");
break;
case "3":
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我可以成功检查余额。对于选项2,我可以执行“存款”选项而不会出现任何错误。但是在数据库中,我的余额余额未更新。事务也未添加到数据库中。
如果我把回来context.SaveChanges();
的UpdateBankAccount
方法,它的工作原理。它返回1。但是,我使用UoW执行SaveChanges()
。在SaveChanges()
没有在UOW执行Commit方法,但数据库没有反映其变化。UoW Commit
方法SaveChanges
返回0。
完整的代码可以在Github仓库中找到。
问题的核心在于,AppDbContext
正在创建两个实例来执行一个动作。更改在一个实例中进行,SaveChanges
而在另一实例中被调用。显然,它没有反映在基础数据库中。
现在,我们将从下至上逐步介绍您的代码。
在ATM.ConsoleUICore.Program.Main()
方法中,请注意以下代码:
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)AccountService accountService = new AccountService(); ... ... ... accountService.DepositAmount(bankAccount, 50);
您正在创建的实例AccountService
。在的构造函数中AccountService
,您将创建的实例,UnitOfWork
如下所示:
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)private readonly UnitOfWork uow; public AccountService() { uow = new UnitOfWork(); }
在的构造函数中UnitOfWork
,您正在创建的实例AppDbContext
(从派生DbContext
)。
您还在BankAccounts
那里拥有一个实例,RepositoryBankAccount
如下所示:
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)private readonly AppDbContext db; public UnitOfWork() { db = new AppDbContext(); } ... ... ... private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts; public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts { get { if (_BankAccounts == null) { _BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount(); } return _BankAccounts; } }
现在的问题是...
在的构造函数中RepositoryBankAccount
,您将再次创建如下的实例AppDbContext
:
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)public AppDbContext context { get; } public RepositoryBankAccount() { context = new AppDbContext(); }
实际上,您冒充一个UnitOfWork
实例下的操作作为一个数据库事务执行。但是,当您AppDbContext
在存储库中创建不同的实例时,情况并非如此。您的工作单元已从存储库中分离出来。您必须连接它们。它应该是AppDbContext
到处都是相同的实例。
那么,解决方案是什么?
不要AppDbContext
在任何存储库中创建的实例。而是从工作单元中注入现有实例。
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount(AppDbContext appDbContext)//<==Inject the AppDbContext
{
context = appDbContext;//<==Do NOT create new instance here; assign the injected instance.
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
然后,在您的UnitOfWork
班级中,如下更改属性BankAccounts
:
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount(db);//<==Note that `db` means `AppDbContext` is injected
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
看一下这个答案,解释为什么不需要这种包装。
万一您决定继续使用现有设计,我已经在上面提出了一个解决方案。
另外,我建议您的一个工作单元应该是一个数据库事务。因此,数据库事务在创建工作单元的实例时开始,而在处理它时结束(提交或回滚)。要么所有内容都刷新到数据库,要么不刷新。在这之间发生的所有事情都应该是一个数据库事务的一部分。万一发生异常,请一起回滚工作单元。
归档时间: |
|
查看次数: |
300 次 |
最近记录: |