如何制作具有方格图案的响应式网格？

Question

我有一个响应式网格布局。根据窗口宽度，可以有任意数量的列。

我试图使网格具有方格图案，所以我使用odd和even选择器为网格单元着色。

但是它仅在列数为奇数时有效。当列数为偶数时，它将变为条纹图案。

是否有CSS属性/选择器来解决此问题，或者有更好的方法来解决此问题？

这是我的项目中显示问题的简化代码：

.grid {
  display: grid;
  counter-reset: spans;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols), 1fr);
  grid-gap: 1px;
}

.grid > * {
  counter-increment: spans;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: #fff;
}

.grid > *::after {
  content: counter(spans);
}

/* Coloring */
.grid > *:nth-child(odd) {
  background-color: #789;
}

.grid > *:not(:nth-child(odd)) {
  background-color: #567;
}

<h2>Works when columns are odd</h2>
<div class="grid" style="--cols: 5;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<h2>Doesn't work while even</h2>
<div class="grid" style="--cols: 4;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

Answer 1

如果您知道行数或者至少知道它们的最大值，则可以使用渐变和多个背景轻松实现此目的。唯一的缺点是颜色将在容器上，因此您也可以为空单元格着色。

.grid {
  display: grid;
  margin:10px 0;
  counter-reset: spans;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols), 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 40px;
  --grad:repeating-linear-gradient(to right,red 0 calc(50% / var(--cols)),blue calc(50% / var(--cols))  calc(100% / var(--cols)));
  background:
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad);
  background-size:200% 40px;
  background-position: 
    0                        calc(0*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(1*40px),
    0                        calc(2*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(3*40px),
    0                        calc(4*40px);
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
}

.grid > * {
  counter-increment: spans;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: #fff;
}

.grid > *::after {
  content: counter(spans);
}

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 5;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 4;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 8;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

为了避免空单元格的着色，我们可以考虑使用伪元素但不透明的 hack：

.grid {
  display: grid;
  counter-reset: spans;
  margin:10px 0;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols), 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 40px;
  --grad:repeating-linear-gradient(to right,red 0 calc(50% / var(--cols)),blue calc(50% / var(--cols))  calc(100% / var(--cols)));
  background:
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad);
  background-size:200% 40px;
  background-position: 
    0                        calc(0*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(1*40px),
    0                        calc(2*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(3*40px),
    0                        calc(4*40px);
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
  overflow:hidden;
}

.grid > * {
  counter-increment: spans;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: #fff;
  position:relative;
}

.grid > *::after {
  content: counter(spans);
}
.grid > *:last-child::before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  left:100%;
  width:100vw;
  background:#fff;
}

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 5;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 4;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 8;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

要模拟间隙，您可以考虑outline网格项（仍然没有透明度）：

.grid {
  display: grid;
  counter-reset: spans;
  margin:10px 0;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols), 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 40px;
  --grad:repeating-linear-gradient(to right,red 0 calc(50% / var(--cols)),blue calc(50% / var(--cols))  calc(100% / var(--cols)));
  background:
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad);
  background-size:200% 40px;
  background-position: 
    0                        calc(0*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(1*40px),
    0                        calc(2*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(3*40px),
    0                        calc(4*40px);
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
  overflow:hidden;
}

.grid > * {
  counter-increment: spans;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: #fff;
  position:relative;
  outline:1px solid #fff;
}

.grid > *::after {
  content: counter(spans);
}
.grid > *:last-child::before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  left:100%;
  width:100vw;
  background:#fff;
}

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 5;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 4;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 8;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

如果您希望间隙具有透明度，您可以考虑mask使用渐变来定义。为此，您将需要一个额外的包装器：

.grid {
  display: grid;
  counter-reset: spans;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols), 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 40px;
  --grad:repeating-linear-gradient(to right,red 0 calc(50% / var(--cols)),blue calc(50% / var(--cols))  calc(100% / var(--cols)));
  background:
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad);
  background-size:200% 40px;
  background-position: 
    0                        calc(0*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(1*40px),
    0                        calc(2*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(3*40px),
    0                        calc(4*40px);
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask:
    repeating-linear-gradient(to right,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px),
      transparent calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px) calc(100% / var(--cols)))
    center/calc(100% + 2px) 100%;  
  mask:
    repeating-linear-gradient(to right,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px),
      transparent calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px) calc(100% / var(--cols)))
    center/calc(100% + 2px) 100%;  
}
.wrapper {
  margin:30px 0;
  -webkit-mask:repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(40px - 1px),
      transparent calc(40px - 1px) 40px)
    center/100% calc(100% + 2px);
  mask:repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(40px - 1px),
      transparent calc(40px - 1px) 40px)
    center/100% calc(100% + 2px);
}

.grid > * {
  counter-increment: spans;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: #fff;
  position:relative;
}

.grid > *::after {
  content: counter(spans);
}


body {
  background:yellow;
}

<div class="wrapper">
<div class="grid" style="--cols: 5;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>
</div>

<div class="wrapper">
<div class="grid" style="--cols: 4;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>
</div>

<div class="wrapper">
<div class="grid" style="--cols: 8;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

</div>

使用时mask-composite我们不需要额外的层

.grid {
  display: grid;
  counter-reset: spans;
  margin:30px 0;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols), 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 40px;
  --grad:repeating-linear-gradient(to right,red 0 calc(50% / var(--cols)),blue calc(50% / var(--cols))  calc(100% / var(--cols)));
  background:
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad),
    var(--grad);
  background-size:200% 40px;
  background-position: 
    0                        calc(0*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(1*40px),
    0                        calc(2*40px),
    calc(100% / var(--cols)) calc(3*40px),
    0                        calc(4*40px);
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask:
    repeating-linear-gradient(to right,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px),
      transparent calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px) calc(100% / var(--cols)))
    center/calc(100% + 2px) 100%,
    repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(40px - 1px),
      transparent calc(40px - 1px) 40px)
    center/100% calc(100% + 2px);  
  mask:
    repeating-linear-gradient(to right,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px),
      transparent calc(100% / var(--cols) - 1px) calc(100% / var(--cols)))
    center/calc(100% + 2px) 100%,
    repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,
      transparent 0 1px,#fff 1px calc(40px - 1px),
      transparent calc(40px - 1px) 40px)
    center/100% calc(100% + 2px);  
    
    -webkit-mask-composite:destination-in;
    mask-composite:intersect;
}


.grid > * {
  counter-increment: spans;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: #fff;
  position:relative;
}

.grid > *::after {
  content: counter(spans);
}


body {
  background:yellow;
}

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 5;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 4;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>

<div class="grid" style="--cols: 8;">
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
  <span></span>
</div>