无法在 macOS 上执行 JavaFX 示例：未找到工具包

Question

当尝试启动 JavaFX“Hello world”示例时，找不到本机库，或者它们被拒绝。症状是“未找到工具包”异常。macOS 似乎有一些特殊性，因为在某些时候提到了签名。

我做了什么（在 macOS 10.14.6 上）：

1. 从https://adoptopenjdk.net安装 Java 12
2. 从http://gluonhq.com/download/javafx-12-0-2-sdk-mac下载适用于 macOS 的 JavaFX 12 SDK 。将其解压为$WRK_DIR/javafx-sdk-12.0.2
3. 从https://github.com/openjfx/samples下载 JavaFX“hello world”示例。将其解压为$WRK_DIR/samples-master

然后我按照入门指南（此处或此处）的说明进行操作。我选择了最简单的路径：没有 IDE，没有像 Maven 这样的构建系统，非模块化应用程序，只有简单的 CLI。

$ WRK_DIR=$(pwd)
$ ls -lF
total 0
drwxr-xr-x@ 4 bruno  staff  128 19 jul 16:25 javafx-sdk-12.0.2/
drwxr-xr-x@ 8 bruno  staff  256 31 jul 10:18 samples-master/
$ PATH_TO_FX=$WRK_DIR/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib
$ ls $PATH_TO_FX 
javafx-swt.jar      javafx.properties   libglib-lite.dylib  libjfxwebkit.dylib
javafx.base.jar     javafx.swing.jar    libgstreamer-lite.dylib libprism_common.dylib
javafx.controls.jar javafx.web.jar      libjavafx_font.dylib    libprism_es2.dylib
javafx.fxml.jar     libdecora_sse.dylib libjavafx_iio.dylib libprism_sw.dylib
javafx.graphics.jar libfxplugins.dylib  libjfxmedia.dylib   src.zip
javafx.media.jar    libglass.dylib      libjfxmedia_avf.dylib
$ javac -version
javac 12.0.2
$ cd samples-master/CommandLine/Non-modular/CLI/hellofx
$ javac --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules=javafx.controls -d out $(find src -name "*.java")
$ find . -type f
./out/hellofx/HelloFX.class
./out/hellofx/Launcher.class
./src/hellofx/HelloFX.java
./src/hellofx/Launcher.java

直到尝试启动：

$ java -version
openjdk version "12.0.2" 2019-07-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment AdoptOpenJDK (build 12.0.2+10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM AdoptOpenJDK (build 12.0.2+10, mixed mode)
$ java --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules=javafx.controls -cp out hellofx.HelloFX
Graphics Device initialization failed for :  es2, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
   <stack trimmed>
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
   <stack trimmed>
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
   <stack trimmed>
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
   <stack trimmed>

我所做的研究使我认为没有找到本机库。所以我尝试添加$PATH_TO_FX，LD_LIBRARY_PATH但DY LD_LIBRARY_PATH没有更好的结果。根据此评论，我添加-Dprism.verbose=true到命令行：

$ java -Dprism.verbose=true --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules=javafx.controls -cp out hellofx.HelloFX
Prism pipeline init order: es2 sw 
Using Double Precision Marlin Rasterizer
Using dirty region optimizations
Not using texture mask for primitives
Not forcing power of 2 sizes for textures
Using hardware CLAMP_TO_ZERO mode
Opting in for HiDPI pixel scaling
Prism pipeline name = com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
Loading ES2 native library ... prism_es2
GraphicsPipeline.createPipeline failed for com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no prism_es2 in java.library.path: [/Users/bruno/Library/Java/Extensions, /Library/Java/Extensions, /Network/Library/Java/Extensions, /System/Library/Java/Extensions, /usr/lib/java, .]
   <trimmed the rest of errors that are essentially the above>

所以确实存在（至少）没有被发现的问题libprism_es2.dylib。然后我尝试添加$PATH_TO_FX到java.library.path：

$ java -Dprism.verbose=true -Djava.library.path=$PATH_TO_FX --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules=javafx.controls -cp out hellofx.HelloFX
Prism pipeline init order: es2 sw 
Using Double Precision Marlin Rasterizer
Using dirty region optimizations
Not using texture mask for primitives
Not forcing power of 2 sizes for textures
Using hardware CLAMP_TO_ZERO mode
Opting in for HiDPI pixel scaling
Prism pipeline name = com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
Loading ES2 native library ... prism_es2
GraphicsPipeline.createPipeline failed for com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib: dlopen(/Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib, 1): no suitable image found.  Did find:
    /Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib: code signature in (/Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib) not valid for use in process using Library Validation: mapped file has no cdhash, completely unsigned? Code has to be at least ad-hoc signed.
   <...>

现在该库已找到，但不被视为有效。

Answer 1

在你的命令行中：

$ java -Dprism.verbose=true --module-path $PATH_TO_FX \
    --add-modules=javafx.controls -cp out hellofx.HelloFX

一切看起来都很好，所以应该可以正常工作。事实上，你让它运行，直到它失败：

GraphicsPipeline.createPipeline failed for com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib: \
    dlopen(/Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib, 1): no suitable image found.  \
    Did find: /Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib: \
code signature in (/Users/bruno/try/javafx-sdk-12.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.dylib) \
not valid for use in process using Library Validation: \
mapped file has no cdhash, completely unsigned? Code has to be at least ad-hoc signed.

AdoptOpenJDK 11.0.4 报告了一个有关本机库的错误，该错误无法在 Mac 上使用 11.0.4+11.2 加载，并产生完全相同的错误消息。

但是，您正在运行 AdoptOpenJDK 12.0.2，并且您的项目适用于OpenJDK 12，因此该错误似乎也扩展到了 AdoptOpenJDK 12.0.2+10。

因此，虽然此问题已修复，但您可以使用 OpenJDK 12。请注意，已经有报告称 12 失败。

编辑

我可以确认适用于 Mac 的最新11 预发行版可以正常工作（实际上它表示 Java 版本 11.0.5）。

最新的 Mac 12 预发行版也是如此，运行良好。