如何"newtype"IntSet?

hvr*_*hvr 3 haskell types

感谢newtypeGeneralizedNewtypeDeriving扩展,可以轻松定义不同的轻量级类型:

newtype PersonId = PersonId Int deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, NFData, ...)
newtype GroupId  = GroupId Int deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, NFData, ...)
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这允许类型系统确保a PersonId不会被意外使用GroupId,但仍然从中继承选定的类型类实例Int.

现在可以简单地定义PersonIdSetGroupIdSet作为

import Data.Set (Set)
import qualified Data.Set as Set

type PersonIdSet = Set PersonId
type GroupIdSet  = Set GroupId

noGroups :: GroupIdSet
noGroups = Set.empty

-- should not type-check
foo = PersonId 123 `Set.member` noGroups

-- should type-check
bar = GroupId 123 `Set.member` noGroups
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这是类型安全的,因为map是按键类型参数化的,而且,Set.member操作是多态的,所以我不需要定义per-id类型的变体,例如personIdSetMembergroupIdSetMember(以及我可能想要的所有其他set-operations)使用)

...但我怎么可以使用更高效IntSet!而非用于PersonIdSetGroupIdSet分别在一个类似的方式,以上面的例子?是否有一种简单的方法不必将整个Data.IntSet API包装/复制为类型类?

pat*_*pat 7

我想你必须IntSet像你说的那样换行.但是,您可以引入幻像类型来创建彼此兼容的IDs和IDSets 族,而不是单独定义每种ID类型:

{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}

import qualified Data.IntSet as IntSet
import Data.IntSet (IntSet)

newtype ID a = ID { unID :: Int }
              deriving ( Eq, Ord, Show, Num )

newtype IDSet a = IDSet { unIDSet :: IntSet }
              deriving ( Eq, Ord, Show )

null :: IDSet a -> Bool
null = IntSet.null . unIDSet

member :: ID a -> IDSet a -> Bool
member i = IntSet.member (unID i) . unIDSet

empty :: IDSet a
empty = IDSet $ IntSet.empty

singleton :: ID a -> IDSet a
singleton = IDSet . IntSet.singleton . unID

insert :: ID a -> IDSet a -> IDSet a
insert i = IDSet . IntSet.insert (unID i) . unIDSet

delete :: ID a -> IDSet a -> IDSet a
delete i = IDSet . IntSet.delete (unID i) . unIDSet
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因此,假设您有Person类型和Group类型,您可以执行以下操作:

type PersonID = ID Person
type PersonIDSet = IDSet Person

type GroupID = ID Group
type GroupIDSet = IDSet Group
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