如何将高阶组件连接到 Redux 存储?

cla*_*ccs 4 javascript reactjs redux react-redux higher-order-components

基本上,我有一个AuthenticationHOC必须获取 redux 状态,检查令牌是否存在,如果存在,则呈现包装的组件。如果没有,则调度一个动作来尝试从 localStorage 加载令牌。如果失败,请重定向到登录页面。

import React from 'react';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import * as UserActions from '../../state/actions/user-actions';
import * as DashboardActions from '../../state/actions/dashboard-actions';

const mapStateToProps = state => {
  return {
    token: state.user.token,
    tried: state.user.triedLoadFromStorage,
  };
};

const _AuthenticationHOC = Component => props => {
  // if user is not logged and we 've not checked the localStorage
  if (!props.token && !props.tried) {
    // try load the data from local storage
      props.dispatch(DashboardActions.getDashboardFromStorage());
      props.dispatch(UserActions.getUserFromStorage());
  } else {
    // if the user has not token or we tried to load from localStorage 
    //without luck, then redirect to /login
    props.history.push('/login');
  }

  // if the user has token render the component
  return <Component />;
};

const AuthenticationHOC = connect(mapStateToProps)(_AuthenticationHOC);
export default AuthenticationHOC;
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然后我尝试像这样使用它

const SomeComponent = AuthenticationHOC(connect(mapStateToProps)(HomeComponent));
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但我总是收到一个错误,准确标记了上面的行。

类型错误:Object(...) 不是函数

然后我做了一个简化版

我将 HOC 中的代码替换为最简单的版本

const _AuthenticationHOC = Component => props => {
  return <Component {...props}/>;
};
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这也不起作用。然后我从我的 HOC 中删除了连接功能,然后只导出这个组件和 tada!...现在工作!

所以我怀疑 connect 返回了一个不能用作 HoC 函数的对象。这样对吗?我能在这里做什么?

Emi*_*ron 15

请参阅此答案的底部以阅读对问题内容的直接回复。我将从我们在日常开发中使用的良好实践开始。


连接高阶组件

Redux 提供了一个有用的compose实用函数

所有compose所做的就是让你写深度嵌套函数变换无码的向右漂移。

因此,在这里,我们可以使用它以可读的方式嵌套 HoC。

// Returns a new HoC (function taking a component as a parameter)
export default compose(
  // Parent HoC feeds the Auth HoC
  connect(({ user: { token, triedLoadFromStorage: tried } }) => ({
    token,
    tried
  })),

  // Your own HoC
  AuthenticationHOC
);
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这类似于手动创建一个新的容器 HoC 函数。

const mapState = ({ user: { token, triedLoadFromStorage: tried } }) => ({
    token,
    tried
});

export default WrappedComponent => connect(mapState)(
  AuthenticationHOC(WrappedComponent)
);
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然后,您可以透明地使用您的 auth HoC。

import withAuth from '../AuthenticationHOC';
// ...
export default withAuth(ComponentNeedingAuth);
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编写一个干净且可测试的 HoC

为了将 auth 组件与存储和路由隔离,我们可以将其拆分为多个文件,每个文件都有自己的职责。

- withAuth/
  - index.js           // Wiring and exporting (container component)
  - withAuth.jsx       // Defining the presentational logic
  - withAuth.test.jsx  // Testing the logic
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我们让withAuth.jsx文件专注于渲染和逻辑,无论它来自哪里。

// withAuth/withAuth.jsx
import React from 'react';

export default Component => ({
  // Destructure props here, which filters them at the same time.
  tried,
  token,
  getDashboardFromStorage, 
  getUserFromStorage, 
  onUnauthenticated, 
  ...props
}) => {
  // if user is not logged and we 've not checked the localStorage
  if (!token && !tried) {
    // try load the data from local storage
    getDashboardFromStorage();
    getUserFromStorage();
  } else {
    // if the user has no token or we tried to load from localStorage
    onUnauthenticated();
  }

  // if the user has token render the component PASSING DOWN the props.
  return <Component {...props} />;
};
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看?我们的 HoC 现在不知道存储和路由逻辑。我们可以将重定向移动到商店中间件或其他任何地方,<Component onUnauthenticated={() => console.log('No token!')} />如果商店不是您想要的地方,它甚至可以在道具中进行自定义。

然后,我们只在 中提供 props index.js,就像一个容器组件。1

// withAuth/index.js
import React from 'react';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import { compose } from 'redux';
import { getDashboardFromStorage, onUnauthenticated } from '../actions/user-actions';
import { getUserFromStorage } from '../actions/dashboard-actions';
import withAuth from './withAuth';

export default compose(
  connect(({ user: { token, triedLoadFromStorage: tried } }) => ({
    token,
    tried
  }), {
    // provide only needed actions, then no `dispatch` prop is passed down.
    getDashboardFromStorage,
    getUserFromStorage,
    // create a new action for the user so that your reducers can react to
    // not being authenticated
    onUnauthenticated,
  }),

  withAuth
);
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具有onUnauthenticated作为存储操作的好处是不同的减速器现在可以对其做出反应,例如擦除用户数据、仪表板数据等。

测试 HoC

然后,可以withAuth使用Jest酶之类的东西来测试HoC的孤立逻辑。

// withAuth/withAuth.test.jsx
import React from 'react';
import { mount } from 'enzyme';
import withAuth from './withAuth';

describe('withAuth HoC', () => {
  let WrappedComponent;
  let onUnauthenticated;

  beforeEach(() => {
    WrappedComponent = jest.fn(() => null).mockName('WrappedComponent');
    // mock the different functions to check if they were called or not.
    onUnauthenticated = jest.fn().mockName('onUnauthenticated');
  });

  it('should call onUnauthenticated if blah blah', async () => {
    const Component = withAuth(WrappedComponent);
    await mount(
      <Component 
        passThroughProp
        onUnauthenticated={onUnauthenticated} 
        token={false}
        tried
      />
    );

    expect(onUnauthenticated).toHaveBeenCalled();

    // Make sure props on to the wrapped component are passed down
    // to the original component, and that it is not polluted by the
    // auth HoC's store props.
    expect(WrappedComponent).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith({
      passThroughProp: true
    }, {});
  });
});
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为不同的逻辑路径添加更多测试。


关于你的情况

所以我怀疑它connect返回一个不能用作 HoC 函数的对象。

react-reduxconnect返回一个 HoC

import { login, logout } from './actionCreators'

const mapState = state => state.user
const mapDispatch = { login, logout }

// first call: returns a hoc that you can use to wrap any component
const connectUser = connect(
  mapState,
  mapDispatch
)

// second call: returns the wrapper component with mergedProps
// you may use the hoc to enable different components to get the same behavior
const ConnectedUserLogin = connectUser(Login)
const ConnectedUserProfile = connectUser(Profile)
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在大多数情况下,包装器函数将被立即调用,而不会保存在临时变量中:

export default connect(mapState, mapDispatch)(Login)
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然后我尝试像这样使用它

AuthenticationHOC(connect(mapStateToProps)(HomeComponent))
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虽然您连接 HoC 的顺序颠倒了,但您已经接近了。它应该是:

connect(mapStateToProps)(AuthenticationHOC(HomeComponent))
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这样,AuthenticationHOC从 store 接收 propsHomeComponent并被正确的 HoC 正确包装,这将返回一个新的有效组件。

话虽如此,我们可以做很多事情来改进这个 HoC!


1. 如果您不确定是否将index.js文件用于容器组件,您可以根据自己的喜好重构它,比如一个withAuthContainer.jsx文件,它要么在索引中导出,要么让开发人员选择他们需要的文件.

  • 感谢您的详细回答,从经验丰富的开发人员那里了解如何编写更好的代码总是很棒的。 (2认同)