gir*_*_bh 5 java unit-testing amazon-s3 mockito amazon-web-services
我是编写单元测试的新手。我正在尝试读取存储在其中的 JSON 文件S3,但收到“传递给 when() 的参数不是模拟!” 和“配置文件不能为空”错误。
到目前为止,这是我尝试使用 JAVA 检索对象的方法:
private void amazonS3Read() {
String clientRegion = "us-east-1";
String bucketName = "version";
String key = "version.txt";
S3Object fullObject = null;
try {
AmazonS3 s3Client = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard()
.withRegion(clientRegion)
.withCredentials(new ProfileCredentialsProvider())
.build();
fullObject = s3Client.getObject(new GetObjectRequest(bucketName, key));
S3ObjectInputStream s3is = fullObject.getObjectContent();
json = returnStringFromInputStream(s3is);
fullObject.close();
s3is.close();
} catch (AmazonServiceException e) {
// The call was transmitted successfully, but Amazon S3 couldn't process
// it, so it returned an error response.
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SdkClientException e) {
// Amazon S3 couldn't be contacted for a response, or the client
// couldn't parse the response from Amazon S3.
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//Do some operations with the data
}
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测试文件
@Test
public void amazonS3ReadTest() throws Exception {
String bucket = "version";
String keyName = "version.json";
InputStream inputStream = null;
S3Object s3Object = Mockito.mock(S3Object.class);
GetObjectRequest getObjectRequest = Mockito.mock(GetObjectRequest.class);
getObjectRequest = new GetObjectRequest(bucket, keyName);
AmazonS3 client = Mockito.mock(AmazonS3.class);
Mockito.doNothing().when(AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard());
client = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard()
.withRegion(clientRegion)
.withCredentials(new ProfileCredentialsProvider())
.build();
Mockito.doReturn(s3Object).when(client).getObject(getObjectRequest);
s3Object = client.getObject(getObjectRequest);
Mockito.doReturn(inputStream).when(s3Object).getObjectContent();
inputStream = s3Object.getObjectContent();
//performing other operations
}
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得到两个不同的例外:
Argument passed to when() is not a mock! Example of correct stubbing: doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(mock).someMethod();
org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.NotAMockException:
Argument passed to when() is not a mock!
Example of correct stubbing:
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或者
profile file cannot be null
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: profile file cannot be null
at com.amazonaws.util.ValidationUtils.assertNotNull(ValidationUtils.java:37)
at com.amazonaws.auth.profile.ProfilesConfigFile.<init>(ProfilesConfigFile.java:142)
at com.amazonaws.auth.profile.ProfilesConfigFile.<init>(ProfilesConfigFile.java:133)
at com.amazonaws.auth.profile.ProfilesConfigFile.<init>(ProfilesConfigFile.java:100)
at com.amazonaws.auth.profile.ProfileCredentialsProvider.getCredentials(ProfileCredentialsProvider.java:135)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutor.getCredentialsFromContext(AmazonHttpClient.java:1184)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutor.runBeforeRequestHandlers(AmazonHttpClient.java:774)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutor.doExecute(AmazonHttpClient.java:726)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutor.executeWithTimer(AmazonHttpClient.java:719)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutor.execute(AmazonHttpClient.java:701)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutor.access$500(AmazonHttpClient.java:669)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient$RequestExecutionBuilderImpl.execute(AmazonHttpClient.java:651)
at com.amazonaws.http.AmazonHttpClient.execute(AmazonHttpClient.java:515)
at com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3Client.invoke(AmazonS3Client.java:4443)
at com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3Client.invoke(AmazonS3Client.java:4390)
at com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3Client.getObject(AmazonS3Client.java:1427)
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我做错了什么,我该如何解决?
你的方法看起来不对。
amazonS3Read() 并且您似乎想要对该方法进行单元测试。public/protected方法来测试类。 assertEquals(...)习语断言的结果。我会建议你两件事:
编写一个单元测试,重点是断言您执行的逻辑:计算/转换/传输值等等......不要专注于链接方法。
使用一些轻量级和简单的 S3 兼容服务器编写一些集成测试,这些服务器将为您提供行为断言方面的真实反馈。可以通过这种方式测试副作用。
例如,您有Riak、MinIo或仍然是Localstack。
更具体地说,这是一种重构方法来改进事物。
如果必须对amazonS3Read()私有方法进行单一测试,则您可能应该将其移动到特定的类中,MyAwsClient并将其设为公共方法。
那么这个想法是amazonS3Read()在责任方面尽可能明确。
其逻辑可以概括为:
1) 获取一些标识符信息传递给 S3 服务。
这意味着定义了一个带有参数的方法:
public Result amazonS3Read(String clientRegion, String bucketName, String key) {...}
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2) 应用所有细粒度的 S3 函数来获取S3ObjectInputStream对象。
我们可以在类的特定方法中收集所有这些AmazonS3Facade:
S3ObjectInputStream s3is = amazonS3Facade.getObjectContent(clientRegion, bucketName, key);
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3)执行处理返回S3ObjectInputStream并返回结果的逻辑
json = returnStringFromInputStream(s3is);
// ...
return result;
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现在如何测试?
简直够了。
使用 JUnit 5:
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
public MyAwsClientTest{
MyAwsClient myAwsClient;
@Mock
AmazonS3Facade amazonS3FacadeMock;
@Before
void before(){
myAwsClient = new MyAwsClient(amazonS3FacadeMock);
}
@Test
void amazonS3Read(){
// given
String clientRegion = "us-east-1";
String bucketName = "version";
String key = "version.txt";
S3ObjectInputStream s3IsFromMock = ... // provide a stream with a real content. We rely on it to perform the assertion
Mockito.when(amazonS3FacadeMock.getObjectContent(clientRegion, bucketName, key))
.thenReturn(s3IsFromMock);
// when
Result result = myAwsClient.amazonS3Read(clientRegion, bucketName, key);
// assert result content.
Assertions.assertEquals(...);
}
}
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有什么优势?
AmazonS3Facade(单一职责原则/模块化)。 请注意,单一测试AmazonS3Facade几乎没有/没有价值,因为这只是对 S3 组件的一系列调用,无法根据返回的结果进行断言,因此非常脆弱。
但是使用一个简单且轻量级的 S3 兼容服务器为它编写集成测试,因为这些早期引用的内容非常有意义。
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