以编程方式将参数传递给 @kwdef 结构

Question

以编程方式将参数传递给 @kwdef 结构

问题

我有这个结构：

Base.@kwdef struct example_struc
    Latitude::Float64  = 9.9        # Latitude (degree)
    Longitude::Float64 = -83.7      # Longitude (degree)
end

example_struc()由于默认值，@kwdef 允许我在不提供所有参数的情况下实例化 an ，例如：

julia> a= example_struc(Longitude= 40.0)
julia> a.Latitude
9.93833
julia> a.Longitude
40.0

我想通过传递给example_struc参数的名称及其值以编程方式（从文件中读取的元组）实例化它。

我试过的

什么有效

我可以使用这样的元编程为一个论点做到这一点：

# Named tuple usually read from a file:
params= (Latitude = 43.61, Longitude = 3.877)
params_names= collect(keys(params))

lat= :($(params[1]))
lat_name= :($(params_names[1]))
e= :(example_struc($(lat_name)= $(lat)))
a= eval(e)

e看起来像这样:(example_struc(Latitude=43.61))，并且和a以前完全一样。

什么不起作用

Now in my case the number of arguments is more than two (up to 50), so I need to be able to do that for multiple arguments at once. So I tried passing the function arguments as a whole using map:

b= map((x,y) -> :($x = $y),params_names,params)
f= :(example_struc($(b...)))
eval(f)

f looks like this: :(example_struc(Latitude = 43.61, Longitude = 3.877)) And it works, but only because we pass all the arguments: we are not using the defaults.

Now if I want to use a default value for Longitude, it doesn't work:

b= map((x,y) -> :($x = $y),[params_names[1]],[params[1]])
f= :(example_struc($(b...)))
eval(f)

f looks like this: :(example_struc(Latitude = 43.61)) But now there is an error : ERROR: MethodError: no method matching example_struc(::Float64)

So instead of calling the function like I would expect like this: example_struc(Latitude = 43.61), it calls it like this: example_struc(43.61), without the parameter name.

Any idea on how to fix this ? I am open to any solution, including changing the way the user gives the inputs (but it has to be simple).

More background

I'm writing a program in Julia that read a user input file that possibly have Julia code in it (it is safe because the user only use it locally). So the input file is a .jl file itself that is evaluated using evalfile, and the user provide the parameter values in a Tuple, e.g.:

(
 Latitude::Float64  = 9.9,        # Latitude (degree)
 Longitude::Float64 = -83.7       # Longitude (degree)
 some_function= x -> x + 2        # Some functions can be defined by the user (if not, we use the default definition)
)

My program reads the Tuple, and I would like to provide some default values, e.g. if the user only put the Latitude, the program uses a default Longitude and default some_function. To do so, I use a @kwdef struct to leverage its default capabilities, but I need to know how to pass the arguments programmatically.

Answer 1

您应该能够将命名元组解压到构造函数的关键字参数位置。这是一个最小的例子：

julia> Base.@kwdef struct A
           x::Int64 = 1
           y::Int64 = 2
           z::Int64 = 3
       end
A

julia> kwargs = (z = 5, y = 4)
(z = 5, y = 4)

julia> A(; kwargs...)
A(1, 4, 5)

请注意，您需要在函数调用中使用分号来指示解压的参数是关键字参数。如果没有分号，您将收到方法错误：

julia> A(kwargs...)
ERROR: MethodError: no method matching A(::Int64, ::Int64)
Closest candidates are:
  A(::Int64, ::Int64, ::Int64) at REPL[13]:2
  A(::Any, ::Any, ::Any) at REPL[13]:2
Stacktrace:
 [1] top-level scope at none:0

有关关键字参数的更多详细信息，请参阅此处。