emacs中有哪些好的自定义键绑定？

Question

Emacs似乎已经在它的命令之间随机分配了所有可能的键盘组合.:p

如果我要定义新的键盘快捷键,我应该在哪里放置它们？我应该使用哪些前缀？

例如:我想为以下函数定义快捷方式:

• 缩进缓冲区(Cc i,我得到答案后)
• 评论或取消评论区域(Cc C)
• rdebug(ruby调试器)(Cc R)
• rsense-complete(ruby autocomplete)(Cc e)

你会把这些放在哪里？为什么？

Answer 1

Emacs实际上对其绑定有一个非常明确的模式,这个答案显示了一些.

至于您应该定义键的位置,如果您查看约定的文档,您将看到C-c a(a用户可以使用大写或小写的字符).

另外,如果您定义的键在特定模式下才真正有意义,那么您应该在该键映射中定义它.

例如,M-/被绑定dabbrev-expand,这是一种自动填充您正在键入的单词的方便方法.使用它可能很有意义rsense-complete,但只有当你在红宝石中时.在这种情况下,您可以这样做:

(add-hook 'ruby-mode-hook
     (lambda () (define-key ruby-mode-map (kbd "M-/") 'rsense-complete)))

这将M-/仅在您进入时覆盖绑定ruby-mode,并使其保持不变(或可用)其余模式.

Answer 2

我强烈推荐一种非常规的方法。我已将 Cl ('ell') 键重新定义为前缀键，并用它来为我最喜欢的命令添加前缀。这个键很容易输入，并且它绑定到一个不常使用的功能（“重新居中”）。

好吧，我不太使用“recenter”，但即使你这样做了，它也可以分配给 Cl Cl，这几乎同样容易键入，并且为 Ctrl-L-map 所开辟的可能性付出了很小的代价。（实际上，我更喜欢“重绘显示”而不是“重新居中”，所以我把它放在首位。）

我不记得从哪里得到让它发挥作用的魔法咒语：

(global-unset-key "\C-l")
(defvar ctl-l-map (make-keymap)
     "Keymap for local bindings and functions, prefixed by (^L)")
(define-key global-map "\C-l" 'Control-L-prefix)
(fset 'Control-L-prefix ctl-l-map)

然后您就可以定义您心目中的内容的关键。Cl 是放置您自己的命令绑定的好地方，以及未绑定到键或绑定到您不记得或难以键入的键的函数。以下是一些与标准函数的绑定示例：

(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-l"  'redraw-display)
(define-key ctl-l-map "l"  'recenter)

(define-key ctl-l-map "g"  'goto-line)
(define-key ctl-l-map "r"  'replace-string)
(define-key ctl-l-map "R"  'replace-regexp)
(define-key ctl-l-map "q"  'query-replace)
(define-key ctl-l-map "Q"  'query-replace-regexp)
(define-key ctl-l-map "o"  'overwrite-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-w"  'kill-rectangle)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-y"  'yank-rectangle)
(define-key ctl-l-map "h"  'command-history)
(define-key ctl-l-map "w"  'write-region)
(define-key ctl-l-map "r" 'electric-replace-string)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\er" 'replace-string)
(define-key ctl-l-map "T"  'delete-trailing-whitespace)
(define-key ctl-l-map "C"  'describe-char)
(define-key ctl-l-map "W"  'ediff-regions-wordwise)
(define-key ctl-l-map "L"  'ediff-regions-linewise)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-f" 'facemenu-remove-all)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-c" 'calendar)
(define-key ctl-l-map "m"  'not-modified)   ;; already at M-~
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-q" 'fill-region)
(define-key ctl-l-map "u" 'set-buffer-file-coding-system)
(define-key ctl-l-map [?\C-2] 'transient-mark-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-@"  'transient-mark-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-n"  'linum-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-s" 'isearch-forward-regexp)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-r" 'isearch-backward-regexp)a
(define-key ctl-l-map "U" 'browse-url)
(define-key ctl-l-map "F" 'browse-url-of-file)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-u" 'undo-only)

Answer 3

我通常将全局键绑定放在单独的文件中（我的配置的一部分），并将特定于模式的配置放在特定于模式的配置文件中。这样一切都精简、紧凑且易于查找。您提到的一些内容（例如注释/取消注释）已经附加了键绑定。我已经使用函数 indent-buffer-or-region（EDT 的一部分）实现了 indent-buffer，并将其绑定到标准 CM-\ 缩进键。对于用户应该使用哪些键进行自定义键绑定有正式的规则，当然也有常识。没有什么是一成不变的。

以下是Emacs Prelude中的一些示例：

;; You know, like Readline.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-M-h") 'backward-kill-word)

;; Align your code in a pretty way.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x \\") 'align-regexp)

;; Perform general cleanup.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c n") 'cleanup-buffer)

;; Font size
(define-key global-map (kbd "C-+") 'text-scale-increase)
(define-key global-map (kbd "C--") 'text-scale-decrease)

;; Jump to a definition in the current file. (This is awesome.)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-i") 'ido-imenu)

;; File finding
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-f") 'ido-find-file-other-window)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-M-f") 'find-file-in-project)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x f") 'recentf-ido-find-file)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c r") 'bury-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-`") 'file-cache-minibuffer-complete)

;; Window switching. (C-x o goes to the next window)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x O") (lambda ()
                                (interactive)
                                (other-window -1))) ;; back one

;; Indentation help
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x ^") 'join-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-M-\\") 'indent-region-or-buffer)

;; Start proced in a similar manner to dired
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x p") 'proced)

;; Start eshell or switch to it if it's active.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x m") 'eshell)

;; Start a new eshell even if one is active.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M") (lambda () (interactive) (eshell t)))

;; Start a regular shell if you prefer that.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-m") 'shell)

;; If you want to be able to M-x without meta
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-m") 'execute-extended-command)

;; Fetch the contents at a URL, display it raw.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-h") 'view-url)

;; Help should search more than just commands
(global-set-key (kbd "C-h a") 'apropos)

;; Should be able to eval-and-replace anywhere.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c e") 'eval-and-replace)

;; Magit rules!
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x g") 'magit-status)

;; Activate occur easily inside isearch
(define-key isearch-mode-map (kbd "C-o")
  (lambda () (interactive)
    (let ((case-fold-search isearch-case-fold-search))
      (occur (if isearch-regexp
                 isearch-string
               (regexp-quote isearch-string))))))

;; cycle through buffers
(global-set-key (kbd "<C-tab>") 'bury-buffer)

;; use hippie-expand instead of dabbrev
(global-set-key (kbd "M-/") 'hippie-expand)

;; spell check Bulgarian text
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c B")
                (lambda()(interactive)
                  (ispell-change-dictionary "bulgarian")
                  (flyspell-buffer)))

;; replace buffer-menu with ibuffer
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-b") 'ibuffer)

;; interactive text replacement
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-r") 'iedit-mode)

;; swap windows
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c s") 'swap-windows)

;; duplicate the current line or region
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'duplicate-current-line-or-region)

;; rename buffer & visited file
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c r") 'rename-file-and-buffer)

;; open an ansi-term buffer
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x t") 'visit-term-buffer)

;; toggle input method
(global-set-key (kbd "C-\\") 'toggle-bulgarian-input-method)

;; search with google
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c g") 'google)

;; toggle menu-bar visibility
(global-set-key (kbd "<f12>") (lambda () (interactive) (menu-bar-mode)))