如何在不使用BOM且以非ASCII字符开头的情况下识别针对文件的不同编码?

eag*_*les 5 java unicode encoding byte-order-mark non-ascii-characters

我在尝试识别没有BOM的文件的编码时遇到了问题,特别是当文件以非ascii字符开头时.

我找到了关于如何识别文件编码的两个主题,

目前,我创建了一个类来识别文件的不同编码(例如UTF-8,UTF-16,UTF-32,UTF-16无BOM等),如下所示,

public class UnicodeReader extends Reader {
private static final int BOM_SIZE = 4;
private final InputStreamReader reader;

/**
 * Construct UnicodeReader
 * @param in Input stream.
 * @param defaultEncoding Default encoding to be used if BOM is not found,
 * or <code>null</code> to use system default encoding.
 * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs.
 */
public UnicodeReader(InputStream in, String defaultEncoding) throws IOException {
    byte bom[] = new byte[BOM_SIZE];
    String encoding;
    int unread;
    PushbackInputStream pushbackStream = new PushbackInputStream(in, BOM_SIZE);
    int n = pushbackStream.read(bom, 0, bom.length);

    // Read ahead four bytes and check for BOM marks.
    if ((bom[0] == (byte) 0xEF) && (bom[1] == (byte) 0xBB) && (bom[2] == (byte) 0xBF)) {
        encoding = "UTF-8";
        unread = n - 3;
    } else if ((bom[0] == (byte) 0xFE) && (bom[1] == (byte) 0xFF)) {
        encoding = "UTF-16BE";
        unread = n - 2;
    } else if ((bom[0] == (byte) 0xFF) && (bom[1] == (byte) 0xFE)) {
        encoding = "UTF-16LE";
        unread = n - 2;
    } else if ((bom[0] == (byte) 0x00) && (bom[1] == (byte) 0x00) && (bom[2] == (byte) 0xFE) && (bom[3] == (byte) 0xFF)) {
        encoding = "UTF-32BE";
        unread = n - 4;
    } else if ((bom[0] == (byte) 0xFF) && (bom[1] == (byte) 0xFE) && (bom[2] == (byte) 0x00) && (bom[3] == (byte) 0x00)) {
        encoding = "UTF-32LE";
        unread = n - 4;
    } else {
        // No BOM detected but still could be UTF-16
        int found = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            if (bom[i] == (byte) 0x00)
                found++;
        }

        if(found >= 2) {
            if(bom[0] == (byte) 0x00){
                encoding = "UTF-16BE";
            }
            else {
                encoding = "UTF-16LE";
            }
            unread = n;
        }
        else {
            encoding = defaultEncoding;
            unread = n;
        }
    }

    // Unread bytes if necessary and skip BOM marks.
    if (unread > 0) {
        pushbackStream.unread(bom, (n - unread), unread);
    } else if (unread < -1) {
        pushbackStream.unread(bom, 0, 0);
    }

    // Use given encoding.
    if (encoding == null) {
        reader = new InputStreamReader(pushbackStream);
    } else {
        reader = new InputStreamReader(pushbackStream, encoding);
    }
}

public String getEncoding() {
    return reader.getEncoding();
}

public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    return reader.read(cbuf, off, len);
}

public void close() throws IOException {
    reader.close();
}
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}

上述代码可以在所有情况下正常工作,除非文件没有BOM且以非ascii字符开头.由于在这种情况下,检查文件是否仍然是没有BOM的UTF-16的逻辑将无法正常工作,并且编码将默认设置为UTF-8.

如果有办法检查没有BOM的文件编码和使用非a​​scii字符开始,特别是对于UTF-16 NO BOM文件?

谢谢,任何想法将不胜感激.

Vla*_*hev 1

一般来说,如果不提供编码,就无法确定编码。

你可能会通过文本中的特定模式(高位设置,设置,设置,未设置,设置,设置,设置,未设置)来猜测UTF-8,但这仍然是一个猜测。

UTF-16 是一个很难的;您可以在同一个流上成功解析BE和LE;这两种方式都会产生一些字符(尽管可能是无意义的文本)。

一些代码使用统计分析来通过符号的频率来猜测编码,但这需要对文本(即“这是蒙古文文本”)和频率表(可能与文本不匹配)进行一些假设。归根结底,这仍然只是一个猜测,并不能在 100% 的情况下提供帮助。