Python Django - “AUTH_USER_MODEL 指的是尚未安装的模型 '%s'” % settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL

Question

如果我的代码中有任何错误（在使用 LoginRequiredMixin 的视图中使用的模型中的代码），例如一个错误，例如：

if (True:    # <-- example bug to show how bugs like this are hidden

然后我收到以下错误：

"AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model '%s' that has not been installed" % settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: 
AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model 'auth.User' that has not been installed

这使得调试代码非常困难。我已经弄清楚是否从我的 views.py 中删除了这一行：

from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin

即使我删除了所有使用 LoginRequiredMixin 的实例，只需导入它，它就会隐藏真正的错误并生成上述身份验证错误。

我读过：AUTH_USER_MODEL 指的是尚未安装的模型“%s””% settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL

我的研究表明，大多数情况下这是由于 INSTALLED_APPS 中缺少“django.contrib.auth'”，您可以看到我有（settings.py 片段，Django 2.2）：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth', # <-- Important for this topic!
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myapp.apps.CommonConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

我尝试将其添加到 mixim 导入上方，但都没有帮助：

from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

完整回溯的这一部分与上述一致：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 155, in get_app_config
    return self.app_configs[app_label]
KeyError: 'auth'

如果我调用 makemigrations，这是回溯（这是我期望的）：

    C:\code\myproject\src>pipenv run python manage.py makemigrations
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\code\myproject\src\myapp\models.py", line 14, in <module>
    from .sql import myapp_entry_clean, myapp_entry_grouping
  File "C:\code\myproject\src\myapp\sql.py", line 68
    if (True:
            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

C:\code\myproject\src>

这是 runserver 的回溯：

    C:\code\myproject\src>pipenv run python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\threading.py", line 864, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 54, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 109, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 77, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[0](_exception[1]).with_traceback(_exception[2])
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 54, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\code\myproject\src\myapp\models.py", line 14, in <module>
    from .sql import myapp_entry_clean, myapp_entry_grouping
  File "<string>", line None
SyntaxError: invalid syntax (sql.py, line 68)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 155, in get_app_config
    return self.app_configs[app_label]
KeyError: 'auth'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\__init__.py", line 165, in get_user_model
    return django_apps.get_model(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, require_ready=False)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 205, in get_model
    app_config = self.get_app_config(app_label)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 162, in get_app_config
    raise LookupError(message)
LookupError: No installed app with label 'auth'.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 60, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 95, in handle
    self.run(**options)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 102, in run
    autoreload.run_with_reloader(self.inner_run, **options)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 579, in run_with_reloader
    start_django(reloader, main_func, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 564, in start_django
    reloader.run(django_main_thread)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 272, in run
    get_resolver().urlconf_module
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 80, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 564, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\code\myproject\src\linkcube\urls.py", line 20, in <module>
    path('', include('common.urls')),
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\urls\conf.py", line 34, in include
    urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\code\myproject\src\common\urls.py", line 5, in <module>
    from . import views
  File "C:\code\myproject\src\common\views.py", line 9, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\mixins.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.views import redirect_to_login
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\views.py", line 10, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.forms import (
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\forms.py", line 20, in <module>
    UserModel = get_user_model()
  File "C:\Users\User\.virtualenvs\myproject-wc-xNQPL\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\__init__.py", line 170, in get_user_model
    "AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model '%s' that has not been installed" % settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model 'auth.User' that has not been installed

C:\code\myproject\src>

我如何做到这样才不会错误地引发身份验证错误？

Answer 1

所以这里的问题是 python 语法错误，但是（也许）由于您正在运行 Django 框架，Django 会抑制该错误并抛出缺失模型错误。

由于 python 是解释性语言，因此它抛出了一个错误SyntaxError，并且由于存在语法错误，Django 没有找到 auth 模型引用。

这就是为什么你会看到 pythonSyntaxError和 Django 的ImproperlyConfigured错误。

Django 很友善地告诉你，Django 的错误是由 python 的语法错误引起的。