如何将环境变量从本地文件导入到 Django

Question

I'm preparing for production on my first professional Django project, and I'm having issues with environment variables to secure the the application. So far I've managed to create a local file to store all variables on my pc...

env_variables.py

import os

db_user = os.environ.get('db_user')
db_password = os.environ.get('db_password')

# AWS DJANGO
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = "access_key"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = "secret_key"
export AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = "bucket_name"

print(db_user)
print(db_password)

I've used the environment settings(windows) to create username and password. When I run the file they work. I'm using my AWS credentials to test this. I've been under the impression that Django can access this information no matter where it is on my local pc. Correct me if I'm wrong.

settings.py

...

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')

...

I know that Django isn't accessing this file because I get 400 for all of my media files, but it works when I place the keys directly into the settings.py file. I believe I'm missing a few steps here. I've seen other python coders capable of doing this without having to use something like django-environ or other packages. If anyone can help it would be greatly appreciated because I'd like to do this for all of my projects.

Edit My Procfile's gunicorn is web: gunicorn project_name.wsgi I have not modified my wsgi file.

Answer 1

我建议您使用django-environ来配置您的应用程序。将所有配置值保存在一个单独的文件中，例如.env - 这不应添加到存储库中。

.env

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = "access_key"
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = "secret_key"
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = "bucket_name"

现在在您的 Django settings.py 中加载 env 文件并使用相应的键。

设置.py

import environ
env = environ.Env()
env.read_env(env.str('ENV_PATH', '/path/to/.env'))
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = env('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')