重新分配包括其所有孩子在内的分支

Question

我有以下Git存储库拓扑:

A-B-F (master)
   \   D (feature-a)
    \ /
     C (feature)
      \
       E (feature-b)

通过重新feature分支我希望改变整个子树(包括子分支):

$ git rebase feature master

A-B-F (master)
     \   D (feature-a)
      \ /
       C (feature)
        \
         E (feature-b)

但是,这是实际结果:

      C' (feature)
     /
A-B-F (master)
   \   D (feature-a)
    \ /
     C
      \
       E (feature-b)

我知道我可以通过执行以下方法手动修复它:

$ git rebase --onto feature C feature-a
$ git rebase --onto feature C feature-b

但有没有办法自动重组分支,包括其所有子/后代？

Answer 1

git branch --contains C | \
xargs -n 1 \
git rebase --committer-date-is-author-date --preserve-merges --onto B C^

Answer 2

几年前,我写了一些东西来处理这类事情.(改进的评论当然是受欢迎的,但不要判断太多 - 这是很久以前了!我甚至都不知道Perl!)

它适用于更多静态情况 - 您可以通过设置表单的配置参数来配置它branch.<branch>.autorebaseparent.它不会触及任何没有配置参数集的分支.如果这不是你想要的,你可能会把它砍到你想要的地方而不会有太多麻烦.在过去的一两年里,我并没有真正使用它,但是当我使用它时,它总是看起来非常安全和稳定,因为这可以通过大规模自动化变基.

所以这就是.通过保存成一个名为使用它git-auto-rebase在你的PATH.-n在你真正尝试之前使用dry run()选项也许是一个好主意.它可能比你真正想要的更详细一点,但它会告诉你什么会尝试改变,以及什么.可能会让你有些悲伤.

#!/bin/bash

CACHE_DIR=.git/auto-rebase
TODO=$CACHE_DIR/todo
TODO_BACKUP=$CACHE_DIR/todo.backup
COMPLETED=$CACHE_DIR/completed
ORIGINAL_BRANCH=$CACHE_DIR/original_branch
REF_NAMESPACE=refs/pre-auto-rebase

print_help() {
    echo "Usage:  git auto-rebase [opts]"
    echo "Options:"
    echo "    -n   dry run"
    echo "    -c   continue previous auto-rebase"
    echo "    -a   abort previous auto-rebase"
    echo "         (leaves completed rebases intact)"
}

cleanup_autorebase() {
    rm -rf $CACHE_DIR
    if [ -n "$dry_run" ]; then
        # The dry run should do nothing here. It doesn't create refs, and won't
        # run unless auto-rebase is empty. Leave this here to catch programming
        # errors, and for possible future -f option.
        git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" $REF_NAMESPACE |
        while read ref; do
            echo git update-ref -d $ref
        done
    else
        git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" $REF_NAMESPACE |
        while read ref; do
            git update-ref -d $ref
        done
    fi
}

# Get the rebase relationships from branch.*.autorebaseparent
get_config_relationships() {
    mkdir -p .git/auto-rebase
    # We cannot simply read the indicated parents and blindly follow their
    # instructions; they must form a directed acyclic graph (like git!) which
    # furthermore has no sources with two sinks (i.e. a branch may not be
    # rebased onto two others).
    # 
    # The awk script checks for cycles and double-parents, then sorts first by
    # depth of hierarchy (how many parents it takes to get to a top-level
    # parent), then by parent name. This means that all rebasing onto a given
    # parent happens in a row - convenient for removal of cached refs.
    IFS=$'\n'
    git config --get-regexp 'branch\..+\.autorebaseparent' | \
    awk '{
        child=$1
        sub("^branch[.]","",child)
        sub("[.]autorebaseparent$","",child)
        if (parent[child] != 0) {
            print "Error: branch "child" has more than one parent specified."
            error=1
            exit 1
        }
        parent[child]=$2
    }
    END {
        if ( error != 0 )
            exit error
        # check for cycles
        for (child in parent) {
            delete cache
            depth=0
            cache[child]=1
            cur=child
            while ( parent[cur] != 0 ) {
                depth++
                cur=parent[cur]
                if ( cache[cur] != 0 ) {
                    print "Error: cycle in branch."child".autorebaseparent hierarchy detected"
                    exit 1
                } else {
                    cache[cur]=1
                }
            }
            depths[child]=depth" "parent[child]" "child
        }
        n=asort(depths, children)
        for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
            sub(".* ","",children[i])
        }
        for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
            if (parent[children[i]] != 0)
                print parent[children[i]],children[i]
        }
    }' > $TODO

    # Check for any errors. If the awk script's good, this should really check
    # exit codes.
    if grep -q '^Error:' $TODO; then
        cat $TODO
        rm -rf $CACHE_DIR
        exit 1
    fi

    cp $TODO $TODO_BACKUP
}

# Get relationships from config, or if continuing, verify validity of cache
get_relationships() {
    if [ -n "$continue" ]; then
        if [ ! -d $CACHE_DIR ]; then
            echo "Error: You requested to continue a previous auto-rebase, but"
            echo "$CACHE_DIR does not exist."
            exit 1
        fi
        if [ -f $TODO -a -f $TODO_BACKUP -a -f $ORIGINAL_BRANCH ]; then
            if ! cat $COMPLETED $TODO | diff - $TODO_BACKUP; then
                echo "Error: You requested to continue a previous auto-rebase, but the cache appears"
                echo "to be invalid (completed rebases + todo rebases != planned rebases)."
                echo "You may attempt to manually continue from what is stored in $CACHE_DIR"
                echo "or remove it with \"git auto-rebase -a\""
                exit 1
            fi
        else
            echo "Error: You requested to continue a previous auto-rebase, but some cached files"
            echo "are missing."
            echo "You may attempt to manually continue from what is stored in $CACHE_DIR"
            echo "or remove it with \"git auto-rebase -a\""
            exit 1
        fi
    elif [ -d $CACHE_DIR ]; then
        echo "A previous auto-rebase appears to have been left unfinished."
        echo "Either continue it with \"git auto-rebase -c\" or remove the cache with"
        echo "\"git auto-rebase -a\""
        exit 1
    else
        get_config_relationships
    fi
}

# Verify that desired branches exist, and pre-refs do not.
check_ref_existence() {
    local parent child
    for pair in "${pairs[@]}"; do
        parent="${pair% *}"
        if ! git show-ref -q --verify "refs/heads/$parent" > /dev/null ; then
            if ! git show-ref -q --verify "refs/remotes/$parent" > /dev/null; then
                child="${pair#* }"
                echo "Error: specified parent branch $parent of branch $child does not exist"
                exit 1
            fi
        fi
        if [ -z "$continue" ]; then
            if git show-ref -q --verify "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" > /dev/null; then
                echo "Error: ref $REF_NAMESPACE/$parent already exists"
                echo "Most likely a previous git-auto-rebase did not complete; if you have fixed all"
                echo "necessary rebases, you may try again after removing it with:"
                echo
                echo "git update-ref -d $REF_NAMESPACE/$parent"
                echo
                exit 1
            fi
        else
            if ! git show-ref -q --verify "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" > /dev/null; then
                echo "Error: You requested to continue a previous auto-rebase, but the required"
                echo "cached ref $REF_NAMESPACE/$parent is missing."
                echo "You may attempt to manually continue from the contents of $CACHE_DIR"
                echo "and whatever refs in refs/$REF_NAMESPACE still exist, or abort the previous"
                echo "auto-rebase with \"git auto-rebase -a\""
                exit 1
            fi
        fi
    done
}

# Create the pre-refs, storing original position of rebased parents
create_pre_refs() {
    local parent prev_parent
    for pair in "${pairs[@]}"; do
        parent="${pair% *}"
        if [ "$prev_parent" != "$parent" ]; then
            if [ -n "$dry_run" ]; then
                echo git update-ref "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" "$parent" \"\"
            else
                if ! git update-ref "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" "$parent" ""; then
                    echo "Error: cannot create ref $REF_NAMESPACE/$parent"
                    exit 1
                fi
            fi
        fi

        prev_parent="$parent"
    done
}

# Perform the rebases, updating todo/completed as we go
perform_rebases() {
    local prev_parent parent child
    for pair in "${pairs[@]}"; do
        parent="${pair% *}"
        child="${pair#* }"

        # We do this *before* rebasing, assuming most likely any failures will be
        # fixed with rebase --continue, and therefore should not be attempted again
        head -n 1 $TODO >> $COMPLETED
        sed -i '1d' $TODO

        if [ -n "$dry_run" ]; then
            echo git rebase --onto "$parent" "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" "$child"
            echo "Successfully rebased $child onto $parent"
        else
            echo git rebase --onto "$parent" "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" "$child"
            if ( git merge-ff -q "$child" "$parent" 2> /dev/null && echo "Fast-forwarded $child to $parent." ) || \
                git rebase --onto "$parent" "$REF_NAMESPACE/$parent" "$child"; then
                echo "Successfully rebased $child onto $parent"
            else
                echo "Error rebasing $child onto $parent."
                echo 'You should either fix it (end with git rebase --continue) or abort it, then use'
                echo '"git auto-rebase -c" to continue. You may also use "git auto-rebase -a" to'
                echo 'abort the auto-rebase. Note that this will not undo already-completed rebases.'
                exit 1
            fi
        fi

        prev_parent="$parent"
    done
}

rebase_all_intelligent() {
    if ! git rev-parse --show-git-dir &> /dev/null; then
        echo "Error: git-auto-rebase must be run from inside a git repository"
        exit 1
    fi

    SUBDIRECTORY_OK=1
    . "$(git --exec-path | sed 's/:/\n/' | grep -m 1 git-core)"/git-sh-setup
    cd_to_toplevel


    # Figure out what we need to do (continue, or read from config)
    get_relationships

    # Read the resulting todo list
    OLDIFS="$IFS"
    IFS=$'\n'
    pairs=($(cat $TODO))
    IFS="$OLDIFS"

    # Store the original branch
    if [ -z "$continue" ]; then
        git symbolic-ref HEAD | sed 's@refs/heads/@@' > $ORIGINAL_BRANCH
    fi

    check_ref_existence
    # These three depend on the pairs array
    if [ -z "$continue" ]; then
        create_pre_refs
    fi
    perform_rebases

    echo "Returning to original branch"
    if [ -n "$dry_run" ]; then
        echo git checkout $(cat $ORIGINAL_BRANCH)
    else
        git checkout $(cat $ORIGINAL_BRANCH) > /dev/null
    fi

    if diff -q $COMPLETED $TODO_BACKUP ; then
        if [ "$(wc -l $TODO | cut -d" " -f1)" -eq 0 ]; then
            cleanup_autorebase
            echo "Auto-rebase complete"
        else
            echo "Error: todo-rebases not empty, but completed and planned rebases match."
            echo "This should not be possible, unless you hand-edited a cached file."
            echo "Examine $TODO, $TODO_BACKUP, and $COMPLETED to determine what went wrong."
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        echo "Error: completed rebases don't match planned rebases."
        echo "Examine $TODO_BACKUP and $COMPLETED to determine what went wrong."
        exit 1
    fi
}


while getopts "nca" opt; do
    case $opt in
        n ) dry_run=1;;
        c ) continue=1;;
        a ) abort=1;;
        * )
            echo "git-auto-rebase is too dangerous to run with invalid options; exiting"
            print_help
            exit 1
    esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))


case $# in
    0 )
        if [ -n "$abort" ]; then
            cleanup_autorebase
        else
            rebase_all_intelligent
        fi
        ;;

    * )
        print_help
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

我发现的一件事,因为我最初解决这个问题,有时答案就是你实际上根本不想变革!首先要在正确的共同祖先处开始主题分支,而不是在此之后尝试将它们向前推进,这是可以说的.但这是你和你的工作流程之间的关系.

Answer 3

以Adam 的答案为基础，解决任一侧分支上的多个提交问题：

A-B-F (master)
   \
    O   D (feature-a)
     \ /
      C (feature)
       \
        T-E (feature-b)

这是一个更稳定的方法：

[alias]
    # rebases branch with its sub-branches (one level down)
    # useage: git move <upstream> <branch>
    move = "!mv() { git rebase $1 $2; git branch --format='%(refname:short)' --contains $2@{1} | xargs -n 1 git rebase --onto $2 $2@{1}; }; mv"

这样就会git move master feature产生预期的结果：

A-B-F (master)
     \
      O`   D` (feature-a)
       \ /
        C` (feature)
         \
          T`-E` (feature-b)

其工作原理细分：

• git rebase $1 $2结果是

A-B--------------------F (master)
   \                    \
    O   D (feature-a)    O`
     \ /                  \
      C                    C` (feature)
       \
        T-E (feature-b)

请注意，feature现在位于C`，而不是C

• 让我们解压这将返回包含C作为先前位置git branch --format='%(refname:short)' --contains $2@{1} 的分支列表，并将输出格式设置为feature

feature-a
feature-b

的先前位置feature来自reflogs $2@{1}，它的意思是“第二个参数（功能分支）先前的位置”。

• | xargs -n 1 git rebase --onto $2 $2@{1}该位通过管道将上述分支列表转换为每个分支的单独变基命令，并真正转换为git rebase --onto feature C feature-a; git rebase --onto feature C feature-b