daw*_*999 5 python set-intersection
我试图在 Python(使用 Matplotlib)中找到两个圆圈之间的交点,但无法取回任何值。
我通过为每个单独的圆创建 X 和 Y 的列表来做到这一点(Matplotlib 在绘制圆时将第一个参数作为 X 值,第二个作为 Y 值),然后相应地将列表相交(例如, circle1 x 值与 circle2 x 值)。
import numpy
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random
def origin_circle():
global x_points
global y_points
global r
global n
r=1
n=2**16
x_points=[(r*math.cos(t)) for t in numpy.linspace(0, 2*numpy.pi*r, n+1)]
y_points=[(r*math.sin(t)) for t in numpy.linspace(0, 2*numpy.pi*r, n+1)]
def new_circle(x_offset, y_offset):
global x_points1
global y_points1
x_points1=[x_offset+(r*math.cos(t)) for t in numpy.linspace(0, 2*numpy.pi*r, n+1)]
y_points1=[y_offset+(r*math.sin(t)) for t in numpy.linspace(0, 2*numpy.pi*r, n+1)]
origin_circle()
new_center= random.randint(0, len(x_points))
x_offset = x_points[new_center]
y_offset = y_points[new_center]
new_circle(x_offset, y_offset)
print(set(x_points1).intersection(set(x_points)))
print(set(y_points1).intersection(set(y_points)))
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我希望取回值,但返回的集合是空的。
muj*_*iga 12
求解两个圆的交点的正确方法是代数法。由于坐标系(实数)的无限精度,您不能使用点(x,y 坐标)来做到这一点。
如果两个圆在两点相交,那么有直接的方法来计算这两个交点。代数详述这里下部分Intersection of two circles。
我们还可以消除两个圆不相交的情况,如下所示
返回两个圆的两个交点的代码。每个 cricle 由其中心 (x,y) 和半径 (r) 描述
def get_intersections(x0, y0, r0, x1, y1, r1):
# circle 1: (x0, y0), radius r0
# circle 2: (x1, y1), radius r1
d=math.sqrt((x1-x0)**2 + (y1-y0)**2)
# non intersecting
if d > r0 + r1 :
return None
# One circle within other
if d < abs(r0-r1):
return None
# coincident circles
if d == 0 and r0 == r1:
return None
else:
a=(r0**2-r1**2+d**2)/(2*d)
h=math.sqrt(r0**2-a**2)
x2=x0+a*(x1-x0)/d
y2=y0+a*(y1-y0)/d
x3=x2+h*(y1-y0)/d
y3=y2-h*(x1-x0)/d
x4=x2-h*(y1-y0)/d
y4=y2+h*(x1-x0)/d
return (x3, y3, x4, y4)
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让我们通过绘图来测试它(视觉上)
# intersection circles
x0, y0 = 0, 0
r0 = 5
x1, y1 = 2, 2
r1 = 5
# intersecting with (x1, y1) but not with (x0, y0)
x2, y2 = -1,0
r2 = 2.5
circle1 = plt.Circle((x0, y0), r0, color='b', fill=False)
circle2 = plt.Circle((x1, y1), r1, color='b', fill=False)
circle3 = plt.Circle((x2, y2), r2, color='b', fill=False)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim((-10, 10))
ax.set_ylim((-10, 10))
ax.add_artist(circle1)
ax.add_artist(circle2)
ax.add_artist(circle3)
intersections = get_intersections(x0, y0, r0, x1, y1, r1)
if intersections is not None:
i_x3, i_y3, i_x4, i_y4 = intersections
plt.plot([i_x3, i_x4], [i_y3, i_y4], '.', color='r')
intersections = get_intersections(x0, y0, r0, x2, y2, r2)
if intersections is not None:
i_x3, i_y3, i_x4, i_y4 = intersections
plt.plot([i_x3, i_x4], [i_y3, i_y4], '.', color='r')
intersections = get_intersections(x1, y1, r1, x2, y2, r2)
if intersections is not None:
i_x3, i_y3, i_x4, i_y4 = intersections
plt.plot([i_x3, i_x4], [i_y3, i_y4], '.', color='r')
plt.gca().set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')
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