如何在 Python 中将文本字符串编码为数字？

Question

假设您有一个字符串：

mystring = "Welcome to the InterStar cafe, serving you since 2412!"

我正在寻找一种将该字符串转换为数字的方法，例如：

encoded_string = number_encode(mystring)

print(encoded_string)

08713091353153848093820430298

..您可以转换回原始字符串。

decoded_string = number_decode(encoded_string)

print(decoded_string)

"Welcome to the InterStar cafe, serving you since 2412!"

它不必是加密安全的，但无论它在什么计算机上运行，​​它都必须为相同的字符串输出相同的数字。

Answer 1

encode将其bytes转换为固定编码的 a ，然后将其转换bytes为intwith int.from_bytes。反向操作是调用.to_bytes结果int，然后 decode返回到str：

mystring = "Welcome to the InterStar cafe, serving you since 2412!"
mybytes = mystring.encode('utf-8')
myint = int.from_bytes(mybytes, 'little')
print(myint)
recoveredbytes = myint.to_bytes((myint.bit_length() + 7) // 8, 'little')
recoveredstring = recoveredbytes.decode('utf-8')
print(recoveredstring)

在线试试吧！

这有一个缺陷，即如果字符串以NUL字符 ( '\0'/ \x00')结尾，您将丢失它们（切换到'big'字节顺序会从前面丢失它们）。如果这是一个问题，您总是可以'\x01'明确地填充并在解码端将其删除，这样就不会丢失尾随 0：

mystring = "Welcome to the InterStar cafe, serving you since 2412!"
mybytes = mystring.encode('utf-8') + b'\x01'  # Pad with 1 to preserve trailing zeroes
myint = int.from_bytes(mybytes, 'little')
print(myint)
recoveredbytes = myint.to_bytes((myint.bit_length() + 7) // 8, 'little')
recoveredstring = recoveredbytes[:-1].decode('utf-8') # Strip pad before decoding
print(recoveredstring)