在Python中替换JSON文件的多个键和值

Question

对于 geojson 类型文件，命名data如下：

{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "entities",
    "features": [{
            "type": "Feature",
            "properties": {
                "Layer": "0",
                "SubClasses": "AcDbEntity:AcDbPolyline",
                "EntityHandle": "1A0"
            },
            "geometry": {
                "type": "LineString",
                "coordinates": [
                    [3220.136443006845184, 3001.530372177397112],
                    [3847.34171007254281, 3000.86074447018018],
                    [3847.34171007254281, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3260.34191304818205, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3260.34191304818205, 2795.954148466309107]
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "properties": {
                "Layer": "0",
                "SubClasses": "AcDbEntity:AcDbPolyline",
                "EntityHandle": "1A4"
            },
            "geometry": {
                "type": "LineString",
                "coordinates": [
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2846.845982610575902],
                    [3695.231030111376185, 2846.845982610575902],
                    [3695.231030111376185, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2846.845982610575902]
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

我希望实现以下操作data：

1. 将密钥替换EntityHandle为Name;
2. EntityHandle将十六进制数中的值替换为'sf_001', 'sf_002', 'sf_003'等；
3. type将的值替换LineString为Polygon;
4. coordinates将的两个方括号替换为三个方括号。

这是预期的输出：

{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "entities",
    "features": [{
            "type": "Feature",
            "properties": {
                "Layer": "0",
                "SubClasses": "AcDbEntity:AcDbPolyline",
                "Name": "sf_001"
            },
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Polygon",
                "coordinates": [ [
                    [3220.136443006845184, 3001.530372177397112],
                    [3847.34171007254281, 3000.86074447018018],
                    [3847.34171007254281, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3260.34191304818205, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3260.34191304818205, 2795.954148466309107]
                ] ]
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "properties": {
                "Layer": "0",
                "SubClasses": "AcDbEntity:AcDbPolyline",
                "Name": "sf_002"
            },
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Polygon",
                "coordinates": [ [
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2846.845982610575902],
                    [3695.231030111376185, 2846.845982610575902],
                    [3695.231030111376185, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2846.845982610575902]
                ] ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

我是使用 Python 进行文件操作的新手JSON。请帮助我，提前致谢。

import json
from pprint import pprint

with open('data.geojson') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

pprint(data)

for feature in data['features']:
    #print(feature)
    print(feature['properties']['EntityHandle'])

for feature in data['features']: 
    feature['properties']['EntityHandle'] = feature['properties']['Name'] #Rename `EntityHandle` to `Name`
    del feature['properties']['EntityHandle']

结果：

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-79-8b30b71fedf9>", line 2, in <module>
    feature['properties']['EntityHandle'] = feature['properties']['Name']

KeyError: 'Name'

Answer 1

试一试：

您可以使用以下方法重命名密钥：

dict['NewKey'] = dict.pop('OldKey')

要替换某个值，只需将新值设置为等于特定键即可：

dict['Key'] = new_value

完整代码：

data =  {
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "entities",
    "features": [{
            "type": "Feature",
            "properties": {
                "Layer": "0",
                "SubClasses": "AcDbEntity:AcDbPolyline",
                "EntityHandle": "1A0"
            },
            "geometry": {
                "type": "LineString",
                "coordinates": [
                    [3220.136443006845184, 3001.530372177397112],
                    [3847.34171007254281, 3000.86074447018018],
                    [3847.34171007254281, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3260.34191304818205, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3260.34191304818205, 2795.954148466309107]
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "properties": {
                "Layer": "0",
                "SubClasses": "AcDbEntity:AcDbPolyline",
                "EntityHandle": "1A4"
            },
            "geometry": {
                "type": "LineString",
                "coordinates": [
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2846.845982610575902],
                    [3695.231030111376185, 2846.845982610575902],
                    [3695.231030111376185, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2785.240077064262096],
                    [3611.469650131302842, 2846.845982610575902]
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}



sf_count = 0
for feature in data['features']: 
    feature['properties']['Name'] = feature['properties'].pop('EntityHandle') #Rename `EntityHandle` to `Name`

    sf_count += 1
    feature['properties']['Name'] = 'sf_%.3d' %sf_count # Replace hex with incrimental sf_xxx

    feature['geometry']['type'] = 'Polygon' # Replace `LineString` to `Polygon`

    feature['geometry']['coordinates'] = [[ each for each in feature['geometry']['coordinates'] ]]