在 core.logic Clojure (CLP) Cryptoarithmetic 中使用 apply

Clo*_*ist 4 clojure logic-programming clojure-core.logic clpfd cryptarithmetic-puzzle

(ns verbal-arithmetic
  (:require
    [clojure.core.logic :refer [all run* everyg lvar == membero fresh conde succeed fail conso resto]]
    [clojure.core.logic.fd :as fd]))

(comment
  "Solving cryptarithmetic puzzle"
  " SEND
  + MORE
  ______
   MONEY")


(defn send-more-money-solutions []
  (run* [s e n d m o r y]
        (fd/in s e n d m o r y (fd/interval 0 9))
        (fd/!= s 0)
        (fd/!= m 0)
        (fd/distinct [s e n d m o r y])
        (fd/eq (= (apply + [(* 1000 s) (* 100 e) (* 10 n) d
                            (* 1000 m) (* 100 o) (* 10 r) e])
                  (apply + [(* 10000 m) (* 1000 o) (* 100 n) (* 10 e) y])))))
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上面的示例不起作用,因为applyfd/eq. 以下版本send-more-money-solutions有效,因为我不使用apply. 我需要使用apply来概括解决方案以使用不同长度的任意字符串。

(defn send-more-money-solutions []
  (run* [s e n d m o r y]
        (fd/in s e n d m o r y (fd/interval 0 9))
        (fd/!= s 0)
        (fd/!= m 0)
        (fd/distinct [s e n d m o r y])
        (fd/eq (= (+ (* 1000 s) (* 100 e) (* 10 n) d
                     (* 1000 m) (* 100 o) (* 10 r) e)
                  (+ (* 10000 m) (* 1000 o) (* 100 n) (* 10 e) y)))))
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我该怎么办?(对于上面,我有一个想法,我可以写一个宏(虽然还不确定如何),但实际上我需要能够使用作为逻辑变量序列的变量。如下所示)

(fd/eq (= (+ (apply + lvars1) (apply + lvars2))
          (apply + lvars3)))
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错误消息看起来像

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can't call nil, form: (nil + [(* 1000 s) (* 100 e) (* 10 n) d (* 1000 m) (* 100 o) (* 10 r) e] G__1124704)
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我认为fd/eq宏中发生了一些奇怪的事情,所以我应该尝试不使用eq宏。

谢谢大家!

Tay*_*ood 5

我需要能够使用作为逻辑变量序列的变量

确切地说,这个问题的一般解决方案是引入任意的、动态数量的逻辑变量并关联/约束它们。

求解器

首先定义一些递归目标来处理逻辑变量序列。(幸运的是我已经有了这些解决以前的问题!)

  1. 将一系列逻辑变量的总和与另一个逻辑变量相关联:

    (defn sumo [vars sum]
      (fresh [vhead vtail run-sum]
        (conde
          [(== vars ()) (== sum 0)]
          [(conso vhead vtail vars)
           (fd/+ vhead run-sum sum)
           (sumo vtail run-sum)])))
    
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  2. 将两个逻辑变量序列的乘积之和与另一个逻辑变量相关联:

    (defn productsumo [vars dens sum]
      (fresh [vhead vtail dhead dtail product run-sum]
        (conde
          [(emptyo vars) (== sum 0)]
          [(conso vhead vtail vars)
           (conso dhead dtail dens)
           (fd/* vhead dhead product)
           (fd/+ product run-sum sum)
           (productsumo vtail dtail run-sum)])))
    
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加上一个小辅助函数来生成幅度乘数:

(defn magnitudes [n]
  (reverse (take n (iterate #(* 10 %) 1))))
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然后将它们连接在一起:

(defn cryptarithmetic [& words]
  (let [distinct-chars (distinct (apply concat words))
        char->lvar (zipmap distinct-chars (repeatedly (count distinct-chars) lvar))
        lvars (vals char->lvar)
        first-letter-lvars (distinct (map #(char->lvar (first %)) words))
        sum-lvars (repeatedly (count words) lvar)
        word-lvars (map #(map char->lvar %) words)]
    (run* [q]
      (everyg #(fd/in % (fd/interval 0 9)) lvars) ;; digits 0-9
      (everyg #(fd/!= % 0) first-letter-lvars) ;; no leading zeroes
      (fd/distinct lvars) ;; only distinct digits
      (everyg (fn [[sum l]] ;; calculate sums for each word
                (productsumo l (magnitudes (count l)) sum))
              (map vector sum-lvars word-lvars))
      (fresh [s]
        (sumo (butlast sum-lvars) s) ;; sum all input word sums
        (fd/== s (last sum-lvars)))  ;; input word sums must equal last word sum
      (== q char->lvar))))
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从您的示例中,其中一些应该看起来很熟悉,但主要区别在于可以动态处理单词(及其字符)的数量。lvar为所有字符集以及每个单词的总和创建新的逻辑变量。然后使用everyg上面的递归目标约束/关联逻辑变量。

示例问题

该函数将返回给定单词的所有解决方案,而“send more money”只有一种可能的解决方案:

(cryptarithmetic "send" "more" "money")
=> ({\s 9, \e 5, \n 6, \d 7, \m 1, \o 0, \r 8, \y 2})
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另一个包含四个单词的示例是“cp is fun true”(参见Google Cryptarithmetic Puzzles),它有 72 种可能的解决方案:

(cryptarithmetic "cp" "is" "fun" "true")
=>
({\c 2, \e 4, \f 9, \i 7, \n 3, \p 5, \r 0, \s 6, \t 1, \u 8}
 {\c 2, \e 5, \f 9, \i 7, \n 3, \p 4, \r 0, \s 8, \t 1, \u 6}
 {\c 2, \e 6, \f 9, \i 7, \n 3, \p 5, \r 0, \s 8, \t 1, \u 4}
 ...
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这是我在Wikipedia上能找到的最大的一个,该函数在大约 30 秒内在我的笔记本电脑上找到了唯一的解决方案:

(cryptarithmetic "SO" "MANY" "MORE" "MEN" "SEEM" "TO"
                 "SAY" "THAT" "THEY" "MAY" "SOON" "TRY"
                 "TO" "STAY" "AT" "HOME" "SO" "AS" "TO"
                 "SEE" "OR" "HEAR" "THE" "SAME" "ONE"
                 "MAN" "TRY" "TO" "MEET" "THE" "TEAM"
                 "ON" "THE" "MOON" "AS" "HE" "HAS"
                 "AT" "THE" "OTHER" "TEN" "TESTS")
=> ({\A 7, \E 0, \H 5, \M 2, \N 6, \O 1, \R 8, \S 3, \T 9, \Y 4})
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这是一个打印结果的函数:

(defn pprint-answer [char->digit words]
  (let [nums (map #(apply str (map char->digit %))
                  words)
        width (apply max (map count nums))
        width-format (str "%" width "s")
        pad #(format width-format %)]
    (println
     (clojure.string/join \newline
       (concat
        (map #(str "+ " (pad %)) (butlast nums))
        [(apply str (repeat (+ 2 width) \-))
         (str "= " (pad (last nums)))]))
     \newline)))

(cryptarithmetic "wrong" "wrong" "right")
(map #(pprint-answer % ["wrong" "wrong" "right"]) *1)
; + 12734
; + 12734
; -------
; = 25468 
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