如何在Java中使用sha256散列一些字符串？

Question

如何在Java中使用sha256散列一些字符串？有人知道这个免费图书馆吗？

Answer 1

SHA-256不是"编码" - 它是单向散列.

您基本上将字符串转换为字节(例如使用text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),然后散列字节.请注意,哈希的结果也是任意二进制数据,如果要在字符串中表示,则应使用base64或hex ... 不要尝试使用String(byte[], String)构造函数.

例如

MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
byte[] hash = digest.digest(text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

Answer 2

我认为最简单的解决方案是使用Apache Common Codec:

String sha256hex = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.sha256Hex(stringText);   

Answer 3

另一个替代方案是Guava,它具有易于使用的Hashing实用程序套件.例如,要使用SHA256作为十六进制字符串散列字符串,您只需执行以下操作:

final String hashed = Hashing.sha256()
        .hashString("your input", StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
        .toString();

Answer 4

完整示例hash to string as另一个字符串.

public static String sha256(String base) {
    try{
        MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        byte[] hash = digest.digest(base.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        StringBuffer hexString = new StringBuffer();

        for (int i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) {
            String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xff & hash[i]);
            if(hex.length() == 1) hexString.append('0');
            hexString.append(hex);
        }

        return hexString.toString();
    } catch(Exception ex){
       throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    }
}

Answer 5

如果您使用的是Java 8可以编码byte[]通过做

MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
byte[] hash = digest.digest(text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
String encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(hash);

Answer 6

将Java字符串转换为Sha-256哈希

import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class CodeSnippets {

 public static String getSha256(String value) {
    try{
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        md.update(value.getBytes());
        return bytesToHex(md.digest());
    } catch(Exception ex){
        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    }
 }
 private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
    for (byte b : bytes) result.append(Integer.toString((b & 0xff) + 0x100, 16).substring(1));
    return result.toString();
 }
}

Answer 7

String hashWith256(String textToHash) {
    MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
    byte[] byteOfTextToHash = textToHash.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    byte[] hashedByetArray = digest.digest(byteOfTextToHash);
    String encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(hashedByetArray);
    return encoded;
}

Answer 8

我跟踪了Apache代码DigestUtils,sha256似乎默认返回java.security.MessageDigest计算.Apache没有实现独立的sha256解决方案.我正在寻找一个独立的实现来与java.security库进行比较.仅供参考.

Answer 9

此方法返回左填充String零：

Java 10之后：

public static String sha256(String text) {
    try {
        var messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        var hash = messageDigest.digest(text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        
        return String.format("%064x", new BigInteger(1, hash));
    }
    catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    }
}

Java 8：

public static String sha256(String text) {
    try {
        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        byte[] hash = messageDigest.digest(text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        
        return String.format("%064x", new BigInteger(1, hash));
    }
    catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    }
}

顺便说一句，您可以使用"%064X"大写结果。

例子：

System.out.println(sha256("hello world 1"));

063dbf1d36387944a5f0ace625b4d3ee36b2daefd8bdaee5ede723637efb1cf4

与Linux cmd的比较：

$ echo -n '你好世界 1' | sha256sum 063dbf1d36387944a5f0ace625b4d3ee36b2daefd8bdaee5ede723637efb1cf4 -

Answer 10

这是将摘要转换为十六进制字符串的稍微更高效的方法：

private static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();

public static String getSHA256(String data) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    try {
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        md.update(data.getBytes());
        byte[] byteData = md.digest();
        sb.append(bytesToHex(byteData);
    } catch(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return sb.toString();
}

private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
    for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return String.valueOf(hexChars);
}

有谁知道Java中有更快的方法吗？

Answer 11

在Java 8中

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;


Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String password = scanner.nextLine();
scanner.close();

MessageDigest digest = null;
try {
    digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
}
byte[] hash = digest.digest(password.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
String encoded = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(hash);        
System.out.println(encoded.toLowerCase());