And*_*rew 5 r knitr r-markdown
我在macOS上编织了一个R Markdown文件,并knitr::opts_chunk$set(dev = c("png", "cairo_pdf"))用来将图的输出同时保存为PNG和PDF文件。我还使用了Cairo PDF库,因为它默认情况下可以正确嵌入字体(请参阅此处)
当我编织并创建使用自定义字体的绘图时,knitr会使用开罗正确地保存PNG和PDF文件:
但是,在实际的R Markdown针织文档中,R抱怨缺少字体并提供了数十种警告。这很奇怪,因为它在后台运行良好。
这是MWE:
---
title: "So many warnings?"
---
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(fig.path = "fig/", # Save images to a subdirectory
echo = FALSE, # Hide code for now
dpi = 300, # High resolution PNGs
# Save all figures as Cairo PDFs and PNGs
dev = c("png", "cairo_pdf"),
dev.args = list(png = list(type = "cairo")))
```
```{r load-libraries}
library(ggplot2)
```
```{r warningless-plot}
# This will save two files in the fig/ folder, both saved using Cairo:
# - fig/warningless-plot-1.png
# - fig/warningless-plot-1.pdf
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = wt, y = mpg)) +
geom_point()
```
```{r warningful-plot}
# This will save two files in the fig/ folder, both saved *correctly* using Cairo:
# - fig/warningful-plot-1.png
# - fig/warningful-plot-1.pdf
# However, rmarkdown or knitr or something in the pipeline gets mad and throws
# a ton of warnings.
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = wt, y = mpg)) +
geom_point() +
theme_grey(base_family = "Comic Sans MS")
```
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图形本身已正确保存,但是HTML输出中充满以下警告:
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family 'Comic Sans MS' not found in PostScript font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family 'Comic Sans MS' not found in PostScript font database
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现在,我的解决方案是将生成带有自定义字体的图形的所有其他块添加warning=FALSE到块选项warningful-plot。我想知道为什么这些额外的警告会发生,以及是否有一种方法可以避免一开始就收到警告。
在这里回答我自己的问题...
根据GitHub上的几个问题(在knitr和hrbrthemes处),发生这种情况是因为knitr pdf(NULL)在实际编织时会在后台无形地使用null PDF设备()。但是pdf(),R中的默认图形设备无法处理自定义字体,因此会出现警告。pdf()我猜,即使可见的图形都没有通过基本设备,但它们仍然是看不见的。
使用进行编织时dev = 'png',knitr将使用不可见的png()设备,并且不会引发警告。似乎同时使用cairo_pdf设备会破坏这一点,并迫使knitr返回到不可见的,无需自定义字体的pdf()设备。
我们可以根据以下评论通过强制knitr使用不可见的png()设备来解决此问题:
# Use invisible NULL png() device
options(device = function(file, width, height) {
png(tempfile(), width = width, height = height)
})
# knit options, including `dev = c("png", "cairo_pdf")`
knitr::opts_chunk$set(fig.path = "fig/", # Save images to a subdirectory
echo = FALSE, # Hide code for now
dpi = 300, # High resolution PNGs
# Save all figures as Cairo PDFs and PNGs
dev = c("png", "cairo_pdf"),
dev.args = list(png = list(type = "cairo")))
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那个options(device = ...)咒语使警告消失了。