Python：使用 py2app 在 MacOS 上制作独立的可执行文件

Question

我在 python 脚本中有一个应用程序，my_app.py想在 MacOS (10.14) 上制作一个独立的可执行文件。按照此处的视频教程，我依次输入了以下命令：

pip install virtualenv
virtualenv venv --system-site-packages
source venv/bin/activate
pip install py2app
cd /path/to/my_app.py
python setup.py py2app -A

使用以下setup.py文件：

from setuptools import setup

APP = ["my_app.py"]
DATA_FILES = []
OPTIONS = {
    "argv_emulation": True,
    "packages": ["certifi"],
}
setup(
    app = APP,
    data_files = DATA_FILES,
    options = {"py2app": OPTIONS},
    setup_requires = ["py2app"]

)

但收到以下错误消息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 13, in <module>
    setup_requires = ["py2app"]
  File "/Users/mymac/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 145, in setup
    return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
  File "/Users/mymac/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "/Users/mymac/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "/Users/mymac/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py", line 984, in run_command
    cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
  File "/Users/mymac/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 107, in ensure_finalized
    self.finalize_options()
  File "/Users/mymac/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/py2app/build_app.py", line 567, in finalize_options
    if isinstance(self.plist, plistlib.Dict):
AttributeError: module 'plistlib' has no attribute 'Dict'

通过该错误消息，我找到了github 页面并输入了以下代码：

brew install qt  # will install qt-5.x.x
brew install libxml2
make qt5py3
python3 labelImg.py
python3 labelImg.py [IMAGE_PATH] [PRE-DEFINED CLASS FILE]

As a side note, if mssing pyrcc5 or lxml, try
pip3 install pyqt5 lxml

但是，进入该行后make qt5py3，我得到：

make: *** No rule to make target `qt5py3'.  Stop.

我还尝试了以下命令：

brew install python3
pip install pipenv
pipenv --three
pipenv shell
pip install py2app
pip install PyQt5 lxml
make qt5py3
rm -rf build dist
python setup.py py2app -A
mv "dist/labelImg.app" /Applications

但也得到了

make: *** No rule to make target `qt5py3'.  Stop.

进入线路后 make qt5py3

我在github上发布了一个问题

我究竟做错了什么？

Answer 1

plistlib.Dict可用但未记录。在 python 3.4 中它终于被记录下来了；还记录了它自 3.0 起已被弃用。

在 python 3.7 中，它不再被记录，并且可能从plistlib库中删除。

这意味着py2app目前尚未兼容Python 3.7。我发现这个问题，半年前就报告过，几天后就解决了。解决方法是：py2app使用以下命令升级到最新版本0.15：

pip3.7 install -U py2app

验证版本

pip show py2app