从 XIB 加载视图作为滚动视图的子视图

Question

我仍然是一个 SO 和 Swift 新手，所以请耐心等待并随意跳过这个问题:-)

在 a 的主体中XIB，awakeFromNib我想加载一些视图作为 a 的子视图UIScrollView（基本上，XIB包含滚动视图、标签和按钮）。

如果在循环中加载我动态创建的视图，则滚动视图可以完美工作，例如。

 let customView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 300, height: 150))
 customView.frame = CGRect(x: i*300 , y: 0, width: 300, height: 150)
 customView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
 scrollView.addSubview(customView)

但我有不同的目标。

在另一个中XIB，我有一个图像视图和一个带有一些标签的堆栈视图。这在故事板中连接到扩展的XIB类。SingleEventUIView

我想做以下事情：

1. 使用XIB作为一种“蓝图”并在我的滚动视图中多次加载相同的视图；
2. 向任何实例传递一些数据；

这可能吗？

我尝试以这种方式加载 XIB 的内容：

 let customView = Bundle.main.loadNibNamed("SingleEvent", owner: self, options: nil)?.first as? SingleEvent

这样：

let customView = SingleEvent()

第一个使应用程序崩溃，而第二个不会导致问题，但我看不到任何效果（它不加载任何内容）。

我最新的内容SingleEvent如下：

 import UIKit

    class SingleEvent: UIView {

        @IBOutlet weak var label:UILabel!
        @IBOutlet weak var imageView:UIImageView!

        override init(frame: CGRect) {
            super.init(frame: frame)

            loadViewFromNib()
        }

        required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
            super.init(coder: aDecoder)

            loadViewFromNib()
        }

        func loadViewFromNib() -> UIView {
            let myView = Bundle.main.loadNibNamed("SingleEvent", owner: self, options: nil)?.first as! UIView
            return myView
        }
    }

提前致谢，感谢任何帮助:-)

Answer 1

有多种方法可以从 xib 加载自定义视图（类）。您可能会发现此方法更容易一些。

首先，像这样创建你的 xib：

请注意，ClassFile's Owner是默认值 ( NSObject)。

相反，将您的自定义类分配给 xib 中的“根”视图：

现在，我们的整个自定义视图类如下所示：

class SingleEvent: UIView {

    @IBOutlet var topLabel: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet var middleLabel: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet var bottomLabel: UILabel!

    @IBOutlet var imageView: UIImageView!

}

并且，loadNibNamed(...)我们创建一个扩展，而不是放入自定义类中UIView：

extension UIView {
    class func fromNib<T: UIView>() -> T {
        return Bundle.main.loadNibNamed(String(describing: T.self), owner: nil, options: nil)![0] as! T
    }
}

要加载和使用我们的自定义类，我们可以这样做：

class FromXIBViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // create an instance of SingleEvent from its xib/nib
        let v = UIView.fromNib() as SingleEvent

        // we're going to use auto-layout & constraints
        v.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

        // set the text of the labels
        v.topLabel?.text    = "Top Label"
        v.middleLabel?.text = "Middle Label"
        v.bottomLabel?.text = "Bottom Label"

        // set the image
        v.imageView.image = UIImage(named: "myImage")

        // add the SingleEvent view
        view.addSubview(v)

        // constrain it 200 x 200, centered X & Y
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            v.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200.0),
            v.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200.0),
            v.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor),
            v.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor),
            ])

    }

}

结果是：

并且...这里是加载 10 个视图实例SingleEvent并将它们添加到垂直滚动视图的示例：

class FromXIBViewController: UIViewController {

    var theScrollView: UIScrollView = {
        let v = UIScrollView()
        v.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        v.backgroundColor = .cyan
        return v
    }()

    var theStackView: UIStackView = {
        let v = UIStackView()
        v.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        v.axis = .vertical
        v.alignment = .fill
        v.distribution = .fill
        v.spacing = 20.0
        return v
    }()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // add the scroll view to the view
        view.addSubview(theScrollView)

        // constrain it 40-pts on each side
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            theScrollView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor, constant: 40.0),
            theScrollView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.bottomAnchor, constant: -40.0),
            theScrollView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.leadingAnchor, constant: 40.0),
            theScrollView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.trailingAnchor, constant: -40.0),
            ])

        // add a stack view to the scroll view
        theScrollView.addSubview(theStackView)

        // constrain it 20-pts on each side
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            theStackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.topAnchor, constant: 20.0),
            theStackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.bottomAnchor, constant: -20.0),
            theStackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.leadingAnchor, constant: 20.0),
            theStackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.trailingAnchor, constant: -20.0),

            // stackView width = scrollView width -40 (20-pts padding on left & right
            theStackView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.widthAnchor, constant: -40.0),
            ])


        for i in 0..<10 {

            // create an instance of SingleEvent from its xib/nib
            let v = UIView.fromNib() as SingleEvent

            // we're going to use auto-layout & constraints
            v.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

            // set the text of the labels
            v.topLabel?.text    = "Top Label: \(i)"
            v.middleLabel?.text = "Middle Label: \(i)"
            v.bottomLabel?.text = "Bottom Label: \(i)"

            // set the image (assuming we have images named myImage0 thru myImage9
            v.imageView.image = UIImage(named: "myImage\(i)")

            theStackView.addArrangedSubview(v)

        }

    }

}

结果：