j12*_*12y 8 python python-3.x heif heic
将图像从iPhone空投到OSX设备时，默认为高效率图像文件（HEIF）格式。我想用Python编辑和修改这些.HEIC文件。
我可以修改手机设置以默认将其另存为JPG，但这并不能真正解决能够使用其他文件类型的问题。我仍然希望能够处理HEIC文件以进行文件转换，提取元数据等。（示例用例-地理编码）
枕头
这是尝试读取此类文件时使用Python 3.7和Pillow的结果。
$ ipython
Python 3.7.0 (default, Oct 2 2018, 09:20:07)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from PIL import Image
In [2]: img = Image.open('IMG_2292.HEIC')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-fe47106ce80b> in <module>
----> 1 img = Image.open('IMG_2292.HEIC')
~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/Image.py in open(fp, mode)
2685 warnings.warn(message)
2686 raise IOError("cannot identify image file %r"
-> 2687 % (filename if filename else fp))
2688
2689 #
OSError: cannot identify image file 'IMG_2292.HEIC'
似乎已请求在python-pillow中提供支持（＃2806），但那里存在许可/专利问题，导致无法在此使用它。
ImageMagick +魔杖
似乎可以选择ImageMagick。经过一遍brew install imagemagick，pip install wand但是我没有成功。
$ ipython
Python 3.7.0 (default, Oct 2 2018, 09:20:07)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.2.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from wand.image import Image
In [2]: with Image(filename='img.jpg') as img:
...: print(img.size)
...:
(4032, 3024)
In [3]: with Image(filename='img.HEIC') as img:
...: print(img.size)
...:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MissingDelegateError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-9d6f58c40f95> in <module>
----> 1 with Image(filename='ces2.HEIC') as img:
2 print(img.size)
3
~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/image.py in __init__(self, image, blob, file, filename, format, width, height, depth, background, resolution, pseudo)
4603 self.read(blob=blob, resolution=resolution)
4604 elif filename is not None:
-> 4605 self.read(filename=filename, resolution=resolution)
4606 # clear the wand format, otherwise any subsequent call to
4607 # MagickGetImageBlob will silently change the image to this
~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/image.py in read(self, file, filename, blob, resolution)
4894 r = library.MagickReadImage(self.wand, filename)
4895 if not r:
-> 4896 self.raise_exception()
4897
4898 def save(self, file=None, filename=None):
~/.env/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/resource.py in raise_exception(self, stacklevel)
220 warnings.warn(e, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
221 elif isinstance(e, Exception):
--> 222 raise e
223
224 def __enter__(self):
MissingDelegateError: no decode delegate for this image format `HEIC' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/556
还有其他替代方法可以通过编程进行转换吗？
mar*_*004 65
考虑将 PIL 与pillow-heif结合使用：
pip3 install pillow-heif
from PIL import Image
from pillow_heif import register_heif_opener
register_heif_opener()
image = Image.open('image.heic')
也就是说，我不知道有任何许可/专利问题会阻止 Pillow 中的 HEIF 支持（请参阅此或此）。AFAIK，libheif只要您不将 HEIF 解码器与设备捆绑在一起并满足 LGPLv3 许可证的要求，就会被广泛采用并免费使用。
dan*_*ial 21
你们应该看看这个库，它是libheif库的 Python 3 包装器，它应该用于文件转换，提取元数据：
https://github.com/david-poirier-csn/pyheif
https://pypi.org/project/pyheif/
用法示例：
import io
import whatimage
import pyheif
from PIL import Image
def decodeImage(bytesIo):
fmt = whatimage.identify_image(bytesIo)
if fmt in ['heic', 'avif']:
i = pyheif.read_heif(bytesIo)
# Extract metadata etc
for metadata in i.metadata or []:
if metadata['type']=='Exif':
# do whatever
# Convert to other file format like jpeg
s = io.BytesIO()
pi = Image.frombytes(
mode=i.mode, size=i.size, data=i.data)
pi.save(s, format="jpeg")
...
ale*_*ken 12
这是在保持元数据完整的同时进行heic转换的另一种解决方案。jpg它基于mara004上面的解决方案，但是我无法以这种方式提取图像时间戳，因此必须添加一些代码。在应用该功能之前放入heic文件：dir_of_interest
import os
from PIL import Image, ExifTags
from pillow_heif import register_heif_opener
from datetime import datetime
import piexif
import re
register_heif_opener()
def convert_heic_to_jpeg(dir_of_interest):
filenames = os.listdir(dir_of_interest)
filenames_matched = [re.search("\.HEIC$|\.heic$", filename) for filename in filenames]
# Extract files of interest
HEIC_files = []
for index, filename in enumerate(filenames_matched):
if filename:
HEIC_files.append(filenames[index])
# Convert files to jpg while keeping the timestamp
for filename in HEIC_files:
image = Image.open(dir_of_interest + "/" + filename)
image_exif = image.getexif()
if image_exif:
# Make a map with tag names and grab the datetime
exif = { ExifTags.TAGS[k]: v for k, v in image_exif.items() if k in ExifTags.TAGS and type(v) is not bytes }
date = datetime.strptime(exif['DateTime'], '%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S')
# Load exif data via piexif
exif_dict = piexif.load(image.info["exif"])
# Update exif data with orientation and datetime
exif_dict["0th"][piexif.ImageIFD.DateTime] = date.strftime("%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S")
exif_dict["0th"][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] = 1
exif_bytes = piexif.dump(exif_dict)
# Save image as jpeg
image.save(dir_of_interest + "/" + os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".jpg", "jpeg", exif= exif_bytes)
else:
print(f"Unable to get exif data for {filename}")
小智 6
您可以使用该pillow_heif库以与 PIL 兼容的方式读取 HEIF 图像。
下面的示例将导入 HEIF 图片并以png格式保存。
from PIL import Image
import pillow_heif
heif_file = pillow_heif.read_heif("HEIC_file.HEIC")
image = Image.frombytes(
heif_file.mode,
heif_file.size,
heif_file.data,
"raw",
)
image.save("./picture_name.png", format="png")
小智 5
添加到 danial 的答案中，我只需要稍微修改字节数组即可获得有效的数据流以供进一步工作。前 6 个字节是 'Exif\x00\x00' .. 删除这些将为您提供原始格式，您可以将其导入任何图像处理工具。
import pyheif
import PIL
import exifread
def read_heic(path: str):
with open(path, 'rb') as file:
image = pyheif.read_heif(file)
for metadata in image.metadata or []:
if metadata['type'] == 'Exif':
fstream = io.BytesIO(metadata['data'][6:])
# now just convert to jpeg
pi = PIL.Image.open(fstream)
pi.save("file.jpg", "JPEG")
# or do EXIF processing with exifread
tags = exifread.process_file(fstream)
至少这对我有用。
这将从 heic 文件中获取 exif 数据
import pyheif
import exifread
import io
heif_file = pyheif.read_heif("file.heic")
for metadata in heif_file.metadata:
if metadata['type'] == 'Exif':
fstream = io.BytesIO(metadata['data'][6:])
exifdata = exifread.process_file(fstream,details=False)
# example to get device model from heic file
model = str(exifdata.get("Image Model"))
print(model)
小智 5
我使用 Wand 包非常成功：安装 Wand：https ://docs.wand-py.org/en/0.6.4/ 转换代码：
from wand.image import Image
import os
SourceFolder="K:/HeicFolder"
TargetFolder="K:/JpgFolder"
for file in os.listdir(SourceFolder):
SourceFile=SourceFolder + "/" + file
TargetFile=TargetFolder + "/" + file.replace(".HEIC",".JPG")
img=Image(filename=SourceFile)
img.format='jpg'
img.save(filename=TargetFile)
img.close()
从 version 开始0.10.0，就变得简单多了。
使用 OpenCV 将 8/10/12 位 HEIF 文件保存为 8/16 位 PNG：
import numpy as np
import cv2
from pillow_heif import open_heif
heif_file = open_heif("images/rgb12.heif", convert_hdr_to_8bit=False, bgr_mode=True)
np_array = np.asarray(heif_file)
cv2.imwrite("image.png", np_array)
对于版本 <0.10.0
使用 OpenCV 和 Pillow-heif 处理 HDR(10/12) 位 HEIF 文件的示例：
import numpy as np
import cv2
import pillow_heif
heif_file = pillow_heif.open_heif("images/rgb12.heif", convert_hdr_to_8bit=False)
heif_file.convert_to("BGRA;16" if heif_file.has_alpha else "BGR;16")
np_array = np.asarray(heif_file)
cv2.imwrite("rgb16.png", np_array)
此示例的输入文件可以是 10 或 12 位文件。
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