如何在不模糊的情况下拉伸 WebGL 画布？样式“图像渲染”不起作用

Question

我用width=16和创建了一个画布height=16。然后我使用 WebGL 向它渲染图像。这是它的样子：

之后，我使用width: 256px和 缩放画布height: 256px。我还设置image-rendering为pixelated：

      canvas {
        image-rendering: optimizeSpeed;             /* STOP SMOOTHING, GIVE ME SPEED  */
        image-rendering: -moz-crisp-edges;          /* Firefox                        */
        image-rendering: -o-crisp-edges;            /* Opera                          */
        image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast; /* Chrome (and eventually Safari) */
        image-rendering: pixelated; /* Chrome */
        image-rendering: optimize-contrast;         /* CSS3 Proposed                  */
        -ms-interpolation-mode: nearest-neighbor;   /* IE8+                           */
        width: 256px;
        height: 256px;
      }

这是结果：

图像模糊。为什么？我在 OSX Mojave 上使用 Safari 12.0.2。

Answer 1

Safari 尚不支持image-rendering: pixelated;WebGL。提交了一个错误

也 crisp-edges没有 != pixelated。crisp-edges可以是任意数量的算法。这并不意味着pixelated。这意味着应用一些算法来保持清晰的边缘，其中有很多算法。

规范本身显示了示例：

鉴于此图像：

这是pixelated：

当浏览器被允许使用各种算法时crisp-edges，例如结果可能是

因此，换句话说，您的 CSS 可能不会产生您期望的结果。如果浏览器不支持像素化但支持清晰边缘，并且如果它们使用上述算法，那么您将不会出现像素化外观。

绘制像素化图形的最高效方法image-rendering: pixelated是绘制一个小纹理，然后通过NEAREST过滤将该纹理绘制到画布上。

const vs = `
attribute vec4 position;
void main() {
  gl_Position = position;
}
`;
const fs = `
precision mediump float;
void main() {
  gl_FragColor = vec4(1, 0, 0, 1);
}
`;

const screenVS = `
attribute vec4 position;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
  gl_Position = position;
  // because we know position goes from -1 to 1
  v_texcoord = position.xy * 0.5 + 0.5;
}
`;
const screenFS = `
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
uniform sampler2D u_tex;
void main() {
  gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_tex, v_texcoord);
}
`;

const gl = document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('webgl', {antialias: false});

// compile shaders, link programs, look up locations
const programInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [vs, fs]);
const screenProgramInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [screenVS, screenFS]);


const width = 16;
const height = 16;
const tex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, width, height, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);

const fb = gl.createFramebuffer();
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fb);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex, 0);

// create buffers and put data in
const quadBufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, {
  position: { 
    numComponents: 2,
    data: [
      -1, -1, 
       1, -1,
      -1,  1,
      -1,  1, 
       1, -1,
       1,  1,
    ],
  }
});


render();

function render() {
  // draw at 16x16 to texture
  gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fb);
  gl.viewport(0, 0, width, height);
  gl.useProgram(programInfo.program);
  // bind buffers and set attributes
  twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, programInfo, quadBufferInfo);
  
  gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3);  // only draw the first triangle
  
  // draw texture to canvas
  gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null);
  gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
  gl.useProgram(screenProgramInfo.program);
  // bind buffers and set attributes
  twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, screenProgramInfo, quadBufferInfo);
  // uniforms default to 0 so in this simple case
  // no need to bind texture or set uniforms since
  // we only have 1 texture, it's on texture unit 0
  // and the uniform defaults to 0
  
  gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
}

<canvas width="256" height="256"></canvas>
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/4.x/twgl.min.js"></script>

注意：如果您要渲染 3D 或出于某些其他原因需要深度缓冲区，则需要向帧缓冲区添加深度渲染缓冲区附件。

请注意，这optimizeSpeed也不是一个真正的选择。它已被长期弃用，并且crisp-edges由浏览器来解释。