类中的抽象属性不能在构造函数中访问

Question

在以下示例中，我收到了 TypeScript 错误 Abstract property 'name' in class 'Minigame' cannot be accessed in the constructor.

我正在努力思考如何实现这一点。我无法将具体类的名称传递到super()调用中，因为在调用之前我无法访问对象的属性，并且我无法创建属性，static因为抽象类无法强制执行。

这应该如何组织以保证每个Minigame实例化一个Explanation对象，这需要具体类的 name 属性？使名称static（并删除抽象要求）真的是保持简单的最佳选择吗？

abstract class Minigame {
    abstract name: string;
    explanation: Explanation;

    constructor() {
        this.explanation = new Explanation(this.name);
    }
}

class SomeGame extends Minigame {
    name = "Some Game's Name";

    constructor() {
        super();
    }
}

Answer 1

字符串有点难看，但你可以这样做：

abstract class Minigame {
    abstract GetName(): string;
    explanation: Explanation;

    constructor() {
        this.explanation = new Explanation(this.GetName());
    }
}

class SomeGame extends Minigame {
    GetName(): string {
        return "Some Game's Name";
    }

    constructor() {
        super();
    }
}

Answer 2

这是基于 Tom Coton 的另一个解决方案，它不强制实现该getName方法。

只是将name抽象类作为构造函数参数移动。

class Explanation {
    name: string;
    constructor(name: string) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

abstract class Minigame {
    explanation: Explanation;  
    name: string;
    constructor(name) { 
        this.name = name;
        this.explanation = new Explanation(this.name);
    }
} 

class SomeGame extends Minigame {
    constructor() {
       super('some game')
    }

}

const game = new SomeGame();

console.log({ game: game })

您可以通过单击“运行”来检查

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/MYGwhgzhAECiAeAHcA7MAXAlgexdA3gLABQ0Z0aAtgKYBc0E6ATpigOYDcJ50wujTAK7B02JgAoqdBs1ZsAlAW49y6ABaYIAOinQAvBTA0upcgF8SF4iTAAjAWBG9wUaAFlWmNkepLT ZaiRUDBwUegRkMDQsXA5yZTIpegE5Ex4+FAFhUQkkmRZ2RXxoBJV1TR0ffUNjUp5y7UDI6NDqlGoAdzggqJDccQbKmnk080sS62JQSBgAZWwaAHEqwPRqFAATGA8ULyri0oyskTFxIrryCEFEagkAcggF328aO-lSqysSI -RoF98DO0uvMlj4ziZvvxsCBqFoQNg2OJiv96P9oGZ5EA

如果Explanation每次name设置时都需要重新创建，您还可以使用 setter 和 getter：

class Explanation {
    name: string;
    constructor(name: string) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

abstract class Minigame {
    explanation?: Explanation;   
    private _name?: string;

    set name(name: string | undefined) {
        this._name = name;
        if(name) {
         this.explanation =  new Explanation(name);
        }
    }

    get name(): string | undefined{
        return this._name;
    }

    constructor(name?: string) {
        this.name = name;
    }
} 

class SomeGame extends Minigame { 

    constructor() {
        super('some game');
    }

}

const game = new SomeGame();

console.log({ game: game })

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/MYGwhgzhAECiAeAHcA7MAXAlgexdA3gLABQ0Z0aAtgKYBc0E6ATpigOYDcJ50wujTAK7B02JgAoqdBs1ZsAlAW49y6ABaYIAOinQAvBTA0upcgF8SF4iTAAjAWBG9wUaAFlWmNkepLT ZaiRUDBwUAH56BGQwNCxcDnJlMkQWADcMXwB9KQiZFnYTJIZqdEMASR96ATloAB9oQRQAE2oAM1ZqJsUifxV1TS1sn30y6hMVckxWippuor6NbUDo2NCRimoAdzggmJDcGep5cYnoKx4rIryS0fF5Ktl2Oobmto 6mntPoJhLBJjx+tohsYipdenwUAJhKIJDkHvkFH4voCdMMDFITmQrGZoCQSKBIDAAMrYGgAcWGgXQ1GaMA8KC8w3wuOs4P4zGhYjuSNOEEEiGoEgaA5BBSb5vDQhcdQXjiGCIYxoBLfOittASESfHdCsQFdgQNQtCB sGxxMzlfRlWd5EA