SQL Server:如何将UNION与两个具有WHERE子句的查询一起使用？

Question

鉴于:

两个需要过滤的查询:

select top 2 t1.ID, t1.ReceivedDate
  from Table t1
 where t1.Type = 'TYPE_1'
 order by t1.ReceivedDate desc

和:

select top 2 t2.ID
  from Table t2
 where t2.Type = 'TYPE_2'
 order by t2.ReceivedDate desc

另外,这些返回ID我正在寻找的:(13,11和12,6)

基本上,我想要两个特定类型数据的两个最新记录.

我想将这两个查询结合在一起,如下所示:

select top 2 t1.ID, t2.ReceivedDate
  from Table t1
 where t1.Type = 'TYPE_1'
 order by ReceivedDate desc
union
select top 2 t2.ID
  from Table t2
 where t2.Type = 'TYPE_2'
 order by ReceivedDate desc

问题:

问题是这个查询是无效的,因为第一个查询select不能有一个order by子句unioned.它top 2离不开它order by.

我该如何解决这种情况？

Answer 1

您应该能够对它们进行别名并将其用作子查询(部分原因是您的第一次选择无效是因为第一个选择有两列(ID和ReceivedDate)但第二个只有一个(ID) - 另外,Type是保留的SQL Server中的单词,不能像使用它作为列名一样使用):

declare @Tbl1 table(ID int, ReceivedDate datetime, ItemType Varchar(10))
declare @Tbl2 table(ID int, ReceivedDate datetime, ItemType Varchar(10))

insert into @Tbl1 values(1, '20010101', 'Type_1')
insert into @Tbl1 values(2, '20010102', 'Type_1')
insert into @Tbl1 values(3, '20010103', 'Type_3')

insert into @Tbl2 values(10, '20010101', 'Type_2')
insert into @Tbl2 values(20, '20010102', 'Type_3')
insert into @Tbl2 values(30, '20010103', 'Type_2')

SELECT a.ID, a.ReceivedDate FROM
 (select top 2 t1.ID, t1.ReceivedDate
  from @tbl1 t1
  where t1.ItemType = 'TYPE_1'
  order by ReceivedDate desc
 ) a
union
SELECT b.ID, b.ReceivedDate FROM
 (select top 2 t2.ID, t2.ReceivedDate
  from @tbl2 t2
  where t2.ItemType = 'TYPE_2'
  order by t2.ReceivedDate desc
 ) b

Answer 2

select * from 
(
    select top 2 t1.ID, t1.ReceivedDate
    from Table t1
    where t1.Type = 'TYPE_1'
    order by t1.ReceivedDate de
) t1
union
select * from 
(
    select top 2 t2.ID
    from Table t2
    where t2.Type = 'TYPE_2'
    order by t2.ReceivedDate desc
) t2

或使用CTE(SQL Server 2005+)

;with One as
(
    select top 2 t1.ID, t1.ReceivedDate
    from Table t1
    where t1.Type = 'TYPE_1'
    order by t1.ReceivedDate de
)
,Two as
(
    select top 2 t2.ID
    from Table t2
    where t2.Type = 'TYPE_2'
    order by t2.ReceivedDate desc
)
select * from One
union
select * from Two

Answer 3

declare @T1 table(ID int, ReceivedDate datetime, [type] varchar(10))
declare @T2 table(ID int, ReceivedDate datetime, [type] varchar(10))

insert into @T1 values(1, '20010101', '1')
insert into @T1 values(2, '20010102', '1')
insert into @T1 values(3, '20010103', '1')

insert into @T2 values(10, '20010101', '2')
insert into @T2 values(20, '20010102', '2')
insert into @T2 values(30, '20010103', '2')

;with cte1 as
(
  select *,
    row_number() over(order by ReceivedDate desc) as rn
  from @T1
  where [type] = '1'
),
cte2 as
(
  select *,
    row_number() over(order by ReceivedDate desc) as rn
  from @T2
  where [type] = '2'
)
select *
from cte1
where rn <= 2
union all
select *
from cte2
where rn <= 2