Ubuntu 18.04 上“安装 Rails 时出错”，因为“extconf.rb 失败”

Question

Ubuntu 18.04 上“安装 Rails 时出错”，因为“extconf.rb 失败”

glo*_*esk 6 bash installation ruby-on-rails environment-variables rvm

我无法安装 Rails。

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背景：我的（全新）系统= Ubuntu 18.04，Ruby 2.6.0，安装并更新了最新的rvm和bundler。安装 Ruby 后我做的第一件事就是sudo apt install ruby-railties……sudo apt install rails我不知道为什么我不使用gem install. 在那之后，我从未成功执行过rails new，但我曾经部分执行过它，但它失败了，那就是我开始进入兔子洞的时候。

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当我输入时rails -v我得到这个：

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Traceback (most recent call last):\n    4: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `<main>\'\n    3: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `eval\'\n    2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>\'\n    1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path\'\n/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path\': can\'t find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)\n

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当我尝试执行时gem install rails，我得到这个：

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Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.4\n\nHEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale.\nBut that may break your application.\n\nPlease check your Rails app for \'config.i18n.fallbacks = true\'.\nIf you\'re using I18n (>= 1.1.0) and Rails (< 5.2.2), this should be\n\'config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]\'.\nIf not, fallbacks will be broken in your app by I18n 1.1.x.\n\nFor more info see:\nhttps://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/releases/tag/v1.1.0\n\nSuccessfully installed i18n-1.5.2\nSuccessfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6\nSuccessfully installed tzinfo-1.2.5\nSuccessfully installed activesupport-5.2.2\nSuccessfully installed rack-2.0.6\nSuccessfully installed rack-test-1.1.0\nSuccessfully installed mini_portile2-2.4.0\nBuilding native extensions. This could take a while...\nERROR:  Error installing rails:\n    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.\n\n    current directory: /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1/ext/nokogiri\n/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby -I /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20190116-22693-tbjpnz.rb extconf.rb\nchecking if the C compiler accepts ... yes\nBuilding nokogiri using packaged libraries.\n*** extconf.rb failed ***\nCould not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary\nlibraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may\nneed configuration options.\n\nProvided configuration options:\n    --with-opt-dir\n    --without-opt-dir\n    --with-opt-include\n    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include\n    --with-opt-lib\n    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib\n    --with-make-prog\n    --without-make-prog\n    --srcdir=.\n    --curdir\n    --ruby=/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)\n    --help\n    --clean\n    --use-system-libraries\n/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:408:in `block (2 levels) in replace_gem\': mini_portile2 is not part of the bundle. Add it to your Gemfile. (Gem::LoadError)\n    from extconf.rb:469:in `<main>\'\n\nTo see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:\n\n  /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/mkmf.log\n\nextconf failed, exit code 1\n\nGem files will remain installed in /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1 for inspection.\nResults logged to /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/gem_make.out\n

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我在这里和其他地方查看了安装说明和许多类似的问题，并尝试了很多东西，但似乎没有任何效果。

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当我尝试时，我收到类似的错误消息gem install nokogiri。

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帮助！

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更新：这是 mkmf.log 文件：

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"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I.    -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable  -fPIC  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L. -fstack-protector-strong -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -lruby  -lm   -lc "\nchecked program was:\n/* begin */\n1: #include "ruby.h"\n2: \n3: int main(int argc, char **argv)\n4: {\n5:   return 0;\n6: }\n/* end */\n\n"gcc -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I.    -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable  -fPIC    -Werror -c conftest.c"\nchecked program was:\n/* begin */\n1: #include "ruby.h"\n2: \n3: int main() {return 0;}\n/* end */\n

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更新2：采纳哈维尔的建议，我查看了安装Nokogiri的文档并找到了gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries有效的命令。然后我对铁轨和铁轨做了同样的事情。

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现在，当我尝试运行时收到不同的错误消息rails new：

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Traceback (most recent call last):\n    2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>\'\n    1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path\'\n/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path\': can\'t find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)\nO\n

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更新3：

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我接受了哈维尔的回答。我一直在进行全新安装（尝试），所以如果我完全重新开始也没关系。我不知道最终是什么搞砸了我的系统（也许是因为我从另一个系统复制了旧的 .bashrc 文件，而没有先删除 rvm 行？），但完全卸载了所有 Ruby、Rails、其他 gems 和 rvm，然后重新安装应该可以解决问题。

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更新最后：

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完全卸载 Ruby、Rails，尤其是 RVM 花了相当多的时间。我没有\xe2\x80\x99意识到Bash配置文件脚本有多么重要，或者需要从其中彻底删除有关RVM的行，或者RVM设置的某些环境变量的状态有多么重要。我认为安装 Rails 时遇到问题的主要原因是我从旧的 bash 配置文件中复制了 RVM 设置。我应该把它们去掉。

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现在一切都按预期进行。

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