Powershell 不会使用 install-module 安装几乎任何模块

Question

我的 Powershell v5.1 几乎不会自动安装任何模块，install-module而手动安装确实有效。

首先，当我运行时install-module，它会下载模块然后抛出一个错误，比如 pscx 模块：

PackageManagement\Install-Package : Package 'Pscx' failed to be installed because: Specified cast is not valid.
At C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\PowerShellGet\2.0.4\PSModule.psm1:9307 char:21
+ ...          $null = PackageManagement\Install-Package @PSBoundParameters
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidResult: (Pscx:String) [Install-Package], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Package '{0}' failed to be installed because: {1},Microsoft.PowerShell.PackageManag
   ement.Cmdlets.InstallPackage

我现在能做的就是手动下载模块并import-module自己使用。当我尝试通过此 cmdlet 安装任何模块时，几乎每次都会发生该错误。我该如何解决这个问题？

对于故障排除，Get-PSRepository给我这个：

PS C:\> Get-PSRepository

Name                      InstallationPolicy   SourceLocation
----                      ------------------   --------------
PSGallery                 Trusted              https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2
GalleryRolling            Trusted              https://www.poshtestgallery.com/api/v2/

---

编辑：

尝试使用时遇到同样的错误Save-Module：

PS C:\> Find-Module -Name 'pscx' | Save-Module -Path "G:\Temp\System Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules"
WARNING: Package 'Pscx' failed to be installed because: Specified cast is not valid.
WARNING: Package 'Pscx' failed to install.
PackageManagement\Save-Package : Unable to save the module 'Pscx'.
At C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\PowerShellGet\2.0.4\PSModule.psm1:11331 char:25
+ ...             $null = PackageManagement\Save-Package @PSBoundParameters
+                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (Microsoft.Power...ets.SavePackage:SavePackage) [Save-Packag
   e], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ProviderFailToDownloadFile,Microsoft.PowerShell.PackageManagement.Cmdlets.Save
   Package

它下载了包，然后显示WARNING.

Find-Module单独使用时，结果为：

PS C:\> Find-Module -Name 'pscx'

Version              Name                                Repository           Description
-------              ----                                ----------           -----------
3.3.2                Pscx                                PSGallery            PowerShell Community Extensi...

---

编辑2：

哦忘了说，下载进程条消失后，特定的下载文件夹中没有创建文件。这是否意味着下载失败？

---

编辑 3： @Sage Pourpre

1. 调试日志
2. 我总是以管理员身份运行 PS。
3. -Scope CurrentUser 抛出同样的错误。

4. 双方PS C:\> Uninstall-Module -Name "PowerShellGet"并PS C:\> Uninstall-Script -Name "PowerShellGet" -RequiredVersion 2.0.3产生相同的结果。

   PackageManagement\Uninstall-Package ：未找到指定搜索条件和脚本名称“PowerShellGet”的匹配项。在 C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\PowerShellGet\2.0.4\PSModule.psm1:12343 字符：21

   • ... $null = PackageManagement\Uninstall-Package @PSBoundParameters

   • + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Microsoft.Power...ninstallPackage:UninstallPackage) [Uninstal
     l-Package], Exception
     + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NoMatchFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.PackageManagement.Cmdlets.UninstallPackage
     

然后我尝试列出可用模块：

PS C:\> Get-Module -ListAvailable


    Directory: G:\Temp\System Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules


ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------
Binary     2.7.1.7    ISESteroids                         {Get-PSSharperData, Add-SteroidsContextMenuComma...
Script     1.2        Use-RawPipeline                     {Invoke-NativeCommand, Receive-RawPipeline, Get-...


    Directory: C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules


ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------
Script     1.0.1      Microsoft.PowerShell.Operation.V... {Get-OperationValidation, Invoke-OperationValida...
Script     1.2.4      PackageManagement                   {Find-Package, Get-Package, Get-PackageProvider,...
Script     4.5.0      Pester                              {Describe, Context, It, Should...}
Script     2.0.4      PowerShellGet                       {Find-Command, Find-DSCResource, Find-Module, Fi...
Script     2.0.3      PowerShellGet                       {Find-Command, Find-DSCResource, Find-Module, Fi...
Script     1.2        PSReadline                          {Get-PSReadlineKeyHandler, Set-PSReadlineKeyHand...


    Directory: C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules


ModuleType Version    Name                                ExportedCommands
---------- -------    ----                                ----------------
Manifest   1.0.0.0    AppBackgroundTask                   {Disable-AppBackgroundTaskDiagnosticLog, Enable-...
Manifest   2.0.0.0    AppLocker                           {Get-AppLockerFileInformation, Get-AppLockerPoli...
Manifest   1.0.0.0    AppvClient                          {Add-AppvClientConnectionGroup, Add-AppvClientPa...
Manifest   2.0.0.0    Appx                                {Add-AppxPackage, Get-AppxPackage, Get-AppxPacka...
Script     1.0.0.0    AssignedAccess                      {Clear-AssignedAccess, Get-AssignedAccess, Set-A...
Manifest   1.0.0.0    BitLocker                           {Unlock-BitLocker, Suspend-BitLocker, Resume-Bit...
etc...

和 Get-InstalledModule

PS C:\> Get-InstalledModule -Name "PowerShellGet" -RequiredVersion 2.0.3
PackageManagement\Get-Package : No match was found for the specified search criteria and module names
'PowerShellGet'.
At C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\PowerShellGet\2.0.4\PSModule.psm1:9050 char:9
+         PackageManagement\Get-Package @PSBoundParameters | Microsoft. ...
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Microsoft.Power...lets.GetPackage:GetPackage) [Get-Package],
   Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NoMatchFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.PackageManagement.Cmdlets.GetPackage

Answer 1

最后通过以下方式解决：

[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = "tls12"

解决方案来自vanBrenk 发布的以下博客：

试图在代理后面安装 PowerShell 模块？您可能会收到此错误：“无法解析包源 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'”。原来它不允许通过您的代理服务器 [...] 现在您运行的每个命令都通过代理发送和允许。

Answer 2

如果您只是使用默认存储库，则没有理由指定它。

试试这个方法...

Find-Module -Name 'pscx' | 
Save-Module -Path "$env:USERPROFILE\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules"
Install-Module -Name 'pscx'

您可以在同一站点上安装多个版本的 PowerShell，一般来说，它不会影响安装模块。