为计算机音乐应用程序和 Haskell 安装 Euterpea

Question

我按照http://www.euterpea.com此处的说明安装 Euterpea（一种用于嵌入 Haskell 的计算机音乐应用程序的域特定语言），我收到一条消息，指出某些软件包和东西无法安装（请参阅下面的代码） ）。如何安装剩余的软件包？

Mo-MacBook-Pro:~ Mo$ cabal update
Downloading the latest package list from hackage.haskell.org
cabal install Euterpea
To revert to previous state run:
cabal update --index-state='2018-06-25T08:34:14Z'
Mo-MacBook-Pro:~ Mo$ cabal install Euterpea
clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-Wunused-         
command-line-argument]
Resolving dependencies...
Downloading heap-1.0.4...
Downloading PortMidi-0.1.6.1...
Configuring PortMidi-0.1.6.1...
Downloading lazysmallcheck-0.6...
Configuring heap-1.0.4...
Downloading semigroups-0.18.5...
Configuring lazysmallcheck-0.6...
Configuring semigroups-0.18.5...
Building heap-1.0.4...
Building PortMidi-0.1.6.1...
Building lazysmallcheck-0.6...
Building semigroups-0.18.5...
Installed semigroups-0.18.5
Downloading stm-2.5.0.0...
Configuring stm-2.5.0.0...
Installed lazysmallcheck-0.6
Downloading HCodecs-0.5.1...
Installed heap-1.0.4
Downloading Stream-0.4.7.2...
Configuring HCodecs-0.5.1...
Configuring Stream-0.4.7.2...
Building stm-2.5.0.0...
Building HCodecs-0.5.1...
Building Stream-0.4.7.2...
Failed to install HCodecs-0.5.1
Build log ( /Users/Mo/.cabal/logs/ghc-8.4.3/HCodecs-0.5.1-    
BtnY8oBJJ5FGnsoQaqbvOm.log ):
cabal: Entering directory      
'/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-   
5294/HCodecs-0.5.1'
Configuring HCodecs-0.5.1...
clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-Wunused-     
command-line-argument]
Preprocessing library for HCodecs-0.5.1..
Building library for HCodecs-0.5.1..
<command line>: cannot satisfy -package-id random-1.1-    
7T1TXpwb46H1j0av1OnVaD
(use -v for more information)
cabal: Leaving directory    
'/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-  
5294/HCodecs-0.5.1'
Failed to install Stream-0.4.7.2
Build log ( /Users/Mo/.cabal/logs/ghc-8.4.3/Stream-0.4.7.2-    
ES6rey5IgWg9tsXDghlP7Y.log ):
cabal: Entering directory     
'/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-    
5295/Stream-0.4.7.2'
Warning: Stream.cabal:6:4: Tabs used as indentation at 6:4, 12:4, 13:4,    
14:4,
15:4, 16:4, 17:4
Configuring Stream-0.4.7.2...
clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-Wunused-   
command-line-argument]
Preprocessing library for Stream-0.4.7.2..
Building library for Stream-0.4.7.2..
<command line>: cannot satisfy -package-id QuickCheck-2.11.3-    
4Q6LQ7mN6Tj8otrLuHN0se
(use -v for more information)
cabal: Leaving directory    
'/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-    
5295/Stream-0.4.7.2'
Installed PortMidi-0.1.6.1
Installed stm-2.5.0.0
cabal: Error: some packages failed to install:
Euterpea-2.0.6-LLo28S848YneLemh6QUkK depends on Euterpea-2.0.6 which     
failed to
install.
HCodecs-0.5.1-BtnY8oBJJ5FGnsoQaqbvOm failed during the building phase.          
The
exception was:
ExitFailure 1
Stream-0.4.7.2-ES6rey5IgWg9tsXDghlP7Y failed during the building phase.     
The
exception was:
ExitFailure 1
arrows-0.4.4.2-GLke2GgDEro6Tzj3MGmTOB depends on arrows-0.4.4.2 which     
failed
to install.

如果有人可以提供帮助，那就太好了。谢谢。

我已经包含了所有代码，以免省略一些特定的相关细节。

---

编辑

我也尝试通过堆栈安装 Euterpea。我收到这条消息：

Mo-MacBook-Pro:~ Mo$ stack install Euterpea

Error: While constructing the build plan, the following exceptions were     
encountered:


In the dependencies for Euterpea-2.0.6:
PortMidi must match ==0.1.6.1, but the stack configuration has no   specified version  (latest matching version is 0.1.6.1)
arrows must match >=0.4 && <0.5, but the stack configuration has no specified version  (latest matching version is 0.4.4.2)
needed since Euterpea is a build target.

Some different approaches to resolving this:

  * Consider trying 'stack solver', which uses the cabal-install solver     to attempt to find some working build configuration. This can be convenient     when dealing with many complicated constraint
    errors, but results may be unpredictable.

  * Recommended action: try adding the following to your extra-deps in     /Users/Mo/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml:

- PortMidi-0.1.6.1
- arrows-0.4.4.2

Plan construction failed.

-- 编辑 2。

如下所示，我尝试cabal install random-1.1 --force-reinstalls生成：

 clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-    Wunused-command-line-argument]
 Resolving dependencies...
 Warning: The following packages are likely to be broken by the      reinstalls:
 tf-random-0.5
 QuickCheck-2.11.3
 Continuing even though the plan contains dangerous reinstalls.
 Configuring random-1.1...
 Building random-1.1...
 Installed random-1.1

然后

 Mo-MacBook-Pro:~ Mo$ cabal install Euterpea
 clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-   Wunused-command-line-argument]
 Resolving dependencies...
 Configuring Stream-0.4.7.2...
 Configuring HCodecs-0.5.1...
 Building HCodecs-0.5.1...
 Building Stream-0.4.7.2...
 Failed to install HCodecs-0.5.1
 Build log ( /Users/lukeburke/.cabal/logs/ghc-8.4.3/HCodecs-0.5.1-    BtnY8oBJJ5FGnsoQaqbvOm.log ):
 cabal: Entering directory      '/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-20742/HCodecs-     0.5.1'
 Configuring HCodecs-0.5.1...
 clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-    Wunused-command-line-argument]
 Preprocessing library for HCodecs-0.5.1..
 Building library for HCodecs-0.5.1..
 <command line>: cannot satisfy -package-id random-1.1-   7T1TXpwb46H1j0av1OnVaD
     (use -v for more information)
 cabal: Leaving directory '/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-20742/HCodecs-  0.5.1'
 Failed to install Stream-0.4.7.2
 Build log ( /Users/Mo/.cabal/logs/ghc-8.4.3/Stream-0.4.7.2-     ES6rey5IgWg9tsXDghlP7Y.log ):
 cabal: Entering directory '/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-20743/Stream-  0.4.7.2'
 Warning: Stream.cabal:6:4: Tabs used as indentation at 6:4, 12:4,    13:4, 14:4,
 15:4, 16:4, 17:4
 Configuring Stream-0.4.7.2...
 clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-  Wunused-command-line-argument]
 Preprocessing library for Stream-0.4.7.2..
 Building library for Stream-0.4.7.2..
 <command line>: cannot satisfy -package-id QuickCheck-2.11.3-    4Q6LQ7mN6Tj8otrLuHN0se
(use -v for more information)
 cabal: Leaving directory   '/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-20743/Stream-    0.4.7.2'
 cabal: Error: some packages failed to install:
 Euterpea-2.0.6-LLo28S848YneLemh6QUkK depends on Euterpea-2.0.6 which   failed to
 install.
 HCodecs-0.5.1-BtnY8oBJJ5FGnsoQaqbvOm failed during the building phase.     The
 exception was:
 ExitFailure 1
 Stream-0.4.7.2-ES6rey5IgWg9tsXDghlP7Y failed during the building   phase. The
 exception was:
 ExitFailure 1
 arrows-0.4.4.2-GLke2GgDEro6Tzj3MGmTOB depends on arrows-0.4.4.2 which   failed
 to install.

---

编辑 3

下面已经建议多个软件包被破坏，我应该尝试重新安装所有软件包（在单个命令中，即cabal install random tf-random QuickCheck Euterpea --force-reinstalls.

但是，如果我写，cabal install random tf-random QuickCheck Euterpea --force-reinstalls我会收到以下代码：

 clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-   Wunused-command-line-argument]
 Resolving dependencies...
 Warning: The following packages are likely to be broken by the   reinstalls:
 QuickCheck-2.11.3
 Continuing even though the plan contains dangerous reinstalls.
 Downloading erf-2.0.0.0...
 Configuring random-1.1...
 Configuring erf-2.0.0.0...
 Building random-1.1...
 Building erf-2.0.0.0...
 Installed erf-2.0.0.0
 Installed random-1.1
 Downloading tf-random-0.5...
 Configuring tf-random-0.5...
 Building tf-random-0.5...
 Failed to install tf-random-0.5
Build log ( /Users/Mo/.cabal/logs/ghc-8.4.3/tf-random-0.5-  ADZoyzEXgHe6hyR0Bycce0.log ):
 cabal: Entering directory      '/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-21584/tf-   random-0.5'
 Configuring tf-random-0.5...
 clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-nopie' [-   Wunused-command-line-argument]
 Preprocessing library for tf-random-0.5..
Building library for tf-random-0.5..
 <command line>: cannot satisfy -package-id primitive-0.6.4.0-  9k41Y6ToOAE8KXK6VMGV2O
     (use -v for more information)
 cabal: Leaving directory   '/var/folders/dy/q51p3v595kbd8_wclmt80v700000gn/T/cabal-tmp-21584/tf-   random-0.5'
 cabal: Error: some packages failed to install:
 Euterpea-2.0.6-87WYqltNL8w8teqXOsc4TL depends on Euterpea-2.0.6 which    failed
 to install.
 HCodecs-0.5.1-DrGKEnNk6EBHti2goL6KP5 depends on HCodecs-0.5.1 which.  failed to
 install.
 QuickCheck-2.12.6.1-KuXpgimNOXzF2SmGPEs5LR depends on QuickCheck-  2.12.6.1
 which failed to install.
 Stream-0.4.7.2-FedzVSwUnWMDxlzmPNWt7x depends on Stream-0.4.7.2 which   failed
 to install.
 arrows-0.4.4.2-EGvZPpby4BcD99TcXDoCg4 depends on arrows-0.4.4.2 which.  failed
 to install.
 tf-random-0.5-ADZoyzEXgHe6hyR0Bycce0 failed during the building phase.   The
 exception was:
 ExitFailure 1

我该怎么做才能安装 Euterpea？

Answer 1

安装 Euterpea 包

这个答案使用 LTS 12.26，因为我已经验证它有效，但这应该适用于大多数 LTS 版本（有关详细信息，请参阅步骤 2 的底部）。

1. 新建一个 Stack 项目：

   stack new euter-test
   cd euter-test
   

2. 编辑stack.yamlLTS 并将其设置为 12.26，并extra-deps指定LTS中不存在但在 Hackage 中存在的软件包版本：

   resolver: lts-12.26
   ...
   extra-deps:
   - Euterpea-2.0.6
   - PortMidi-0.1.6.1
   - arrows-0.4.4.2
   - Stream-0.4.7.2
   - lazysmallcheck-0.6
   

   您在 Stack 安装中遇到的错误（“PortMidi 必须匹配 ==0.1.6.1，但堆栈配置没有指定版本”）表明您正在使用的包需要特定版本的库，但包存储库（LTS 快照）不包含该库，因此您需要明确指定它。Stack 然后打印缺少哪个库和版本，因此您可以继续尝试stack build并添加库，直到构建成功。

   我们在这里使用 LTS 12.26，但通过添加上述extra-deps包，您应该能够让它在任何 LTS 上工作。

3. 编辑package.yaml并添加Euterpea到依赖项列表：

   dependencies:
   ...
   - Euterpea
   

4. 一个简单的测试app/Main.hs：

   module Main where
   
   import Euterpea
   
   main :: IO ()
   main = play $ c 4 qn
   

5. 运行stack build：

   stack new euter-test
   cd euter-test
   

6. 如果您正在运行 MIDI 合成器，则运行项目生成的可执行文件应该会发出提示音：

   stack exec euter-test-exe
   

故障排除

• 如果您收到类似 的错误*** Exception: No MIDI outputs!，那么您没有在运行 MIDI 合成器（见下文）。确保在后台运行它（例如在另一个终端中）。

• 如果您没有收到错误但没有音频输出，请尝试devices在 GHCI 中运行以查看哪些输出可用，然后使用playDev x代替play，其中x是合成器输入端口的 OutputDeviceID。例如：

  > devices
  Input devices:
    InputDeviceID 1   Midi Through Port-0
  Output devices:
    OutputDeviceID 0  Midi Through Port-0
    OutputDeviceID 2  Synth input port (25952:0)
  > playDev 2 $ c 4 qn
  

• 如果您运行devices并没有看到任何合成器输入端口，但是您在后台运行了fluidsynth，那么您可能需要重新启动并重ghci试。

运行 MIDI 合成器

这是让 Fluidsynth 在 Debian 上运行的快速一步一步（在此过程中猜测 Mac 设置）。

1. 安装fluidsynth：在Debian上是这样sudo apt install fluidsynth，在mac上可能是brew install fluidsynth——有很多关于如何做到这一点的文章，如果有疑问，请谷歌一下。

2. 运行fluidsynth：在使用ALSA的Debian上这是

   fluidsynth -s -a alsa -m alsa_seq /usr/share/sounds/sf2/FluidR3_GM.sf2
   

   指示fluidsynth 在服务器模式下运行，alsa用作音频驱动程序和alsa_seqMIDI 驱动程序，并使用soundfont FluidR3_GM.sf2（应作为fluidsynth 安装的一部分安装）。

   在 Mac 上，似乎正确的命令行是：

   fluidsynth -s -a coreaudio -m coremidi /usr/share/sounds/sf2/FluidR3_GM.sf2
   

   如果找不到该FluidR3_GM.sf2文件，则很可能它已安装在其他位置。作为最后的手段，您可以只下载一个声音字体文件并使用它，而不是 FluidSynth 提供的文件。

   运行后，你应该得到一个提示，也许会有一些警告，fluidsynth 将运行。在使用 Euterpea 之前确保它正在运行，并在使用 Euterpea 时保持它运行。