如果我有一个带有设置和拆卸逻辑的父测试,我如何在其中并行运行子测试而不会遇到拆卸逻辑的竞争条件?
func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
// setup logic
t.Run("a", func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// test code
})
// teardown logic
}
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作为一个人为的例子:假设测试需要创建一个 tmp 文件,该文件将被所有子测试使用,并在测试结束时将其删除。
例如,父测试也调用t.Parallel(),因为这是我最终想要的。但是我的问题和下面的输出是一样的,即使父级没有调用t.Parallel().
如果我按顺序运行子测试,它们通过没有问题:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"testing"
)
func setup(t *testing.T) (tmpFile string) {
f, err := ioutil.TempFile("/tmp", "subtests")
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("could not setup tmp file: %+v", err)
}
f.Close()
return f.Name()
}
var ncase = 2
func TestSeqSubtest(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// setup test variables
fname := setup(t)
// cleanup test variables
defer func() {
os.Remove(fname)
}()
for i := 0; i < ncase; i++ {
t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test_%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
if _, err := os.Stat(fname); os.IsNotExist(err) {
t.Fatalf("file was removed before subtest finished")
}
})
}
}
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输出:
$ go test subtests
ok subtests 0.001s
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但是,如果我并行运行子测试,那么父测试的拆卸逻辑最终会在子测试有机会运行之前被调用,从而无法正确运行子测试。
这种行为虽然很不幸,但符合“使用子测试和子基准” go 博客所说的:
如果一个测试的测试函数在它的 testing.T 实例上调用 Parallel 方法,则该测试称为并行测试。并行测试永远不会与顺序测试同时运行,它的执行会暂停,直到它的调用测试函数(父测试的测试函数)返回为止。
func TestParallelSubtest(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// setup test variables
fname := setup(t)
// cleanup test variables
defer func() {
os.Remove(fname)
}()
for i := 0; i < ncase; i++ {
t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test_%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel() // the change that breaks things
if _, err := os.Stat(fname); os.IsNotExist(err) {
t.Fatalf("file was removed before subtest finished")
}
})
}
}
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输出:
$ go test subtests
--- FAIL: TestParallelSubtest (0.00s)
--- FAIL: TestParallelSubtest/test_0 (0.00s)
main_test.go:58: file was removed before subtest finished
--- FAIL: TestParallelSubtest/test_1 (0.00s)
main_test.go:58: file was removed before subtest finished
FAIL
FAIL subtests 0.001s
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正如上面的引用所述,并行子测试在其父测试完成之前不会执行,这意味着尝试解决此问题会sync.WaitGroup导致死锁:
func TestWaitGroupParallelSubtest(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
var wg sync.WaitGroup
// setup test variables
fname := setup(t)
// cleanup test variables
defer func() {
os.Remove(fname)
}()
for i := 0; i < ncase; i++ {
t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test_%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
wg.Add(1)
defer wg.Done()
t.Parallel()
if _, err := os.Stat(fname); os.IsNotExist(err) {
t.Fatalf("file was removed before subtest finished")
}
})
}
wg.Wait() // causes deadlock
}
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输出:
$ go test subtests
--- FAIL: TestParallelSubtest (0.00s)
--- FAIL: TestParallelSubtest/test_0 (0.00s)
main_test.go:58: file was removed before subtest finished
--- FAIL: TestParallelSubtest/test_1 (0.00s)
main_test.go:58: file was removed before subtest finished
fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!
goroutine 1 [chan receive]:
testing.tRunner.func1(0xc00009a000)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:803 +0x1f3
testing.tRunner(0xc00009a000, 0xc00005fe08)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:831 +0xc9
testing.runTests(0xc00000a0a0, 0x6211c0, 0x3, 0x3, 0x40b36f)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:1117 +0x2aa
testing.(*M).Run(0xc000096000, 0x0)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:1034 +0x165
main.main()
_testmain.go:46 +0x13d
goroutine 7 [semacquire]:
sync.runtime_Semacquire(0xc0000a2008)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/runtime/sema.go:56 +0x39
sync.(*WaitGroup).Wait(0xc0000a2000)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/sync/waitgroup.go:130 +0x64
subtests.TestWaitGroupParallelSubtest(0xc00009a300)
/path/to/go_code/src/subtests/main_test.go:91 +0x2b5
testing.tRunner(0xc00009a300, 0x540f38)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:827 +0xbf
created by testing.(*T).Run
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:878 +0x353
goroutine 8 [chan receive]:
testing.runTests.func1.1(0xc00009a000)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:1124 +0x3b
created by testing.runTests.func1
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:1124 +0xac
goroutine 17 [chan receive]:
testing.(*T).Parallel(0xc0000f6000)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:732 +0x1fa
subtests.TestWaitGroupParallelSubtest.func2(0xc0000f6000)
/path/to/go_code/src/subtests/main_test.go:85 +0x86
testing.tRunner(0xc0000f6000, 0xc0000d6000)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:827 +0xbf
created by testing.(*T).Run
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:878 +0x353
goroutine 18 [chan receive]:
testing.(*T).Parallel(0xc0000f6100)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:732 +0x1fa
subtests.TestWaitGroupParallelSubtest.func2(0xc0000f6100)
/path/to/go_code/src/subtests/main_test.go:85 +0x86
testing.tRunner(0xc0000f6100, 0xc0000d6040)
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:827 +0xbf
created by testing.(*T).Run
/path/to/golang1.1.11/src/testing/testing.go:878 +0x353
FAIL subtests 0.003s
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那么如何在并行子测试运行后调用父测试中的拆卸方法呢?
小智 7
func TestParallelSubtest(t *testing.T) {
// setup test variables
fname := setup(t)
t.Run("group", func(t *testing.T) {
for i := 0; i < ncase; i++ {
t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test_%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
if _, err := os.Stat(fname); os.IsNotExist(err) {
t.Fatalf("file was removed before subtest finished")
}
})
}
})
os.Remove(fname)
}
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博文的相关部分位于Control of Parallelism:
每个测试都与一个测试功能相关联。如果一个测试的测试函数在其 的实例上调用 Parallel 方法,则该测试称为并行测试
testing.T。并行测试永远不会与顺序测试同时运行,它的执行会暂停,直到其调用测试函数(父测试的测试函数)返回为止。[...]一个测试会阻塞,直到它的测试函数返回并且它的所有子测试都完成了。这意味着由顺序测试运行的并行测试将在运行任何其他连续顺序测试之前完成。
您的问题的具体解决方案可以在Cleaning up after a group of parallel tests部分找到。
从 Go 1.14 开始,testing.T有允许注册拆卸回调的方法testing.B。Cleanup
t.Cleanup(func() {
os.Remove(fname)
})
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