set不包含与其成员之一相等的项目？

Question

所以根据Java API,Set::contains

当且仅当此set包含元素e时才返回true(o == null？e == null:o.equals(e))

那么......为什么即使该集合恰好包含一个等于的元素,这个方法也会返回false creds？

private boolean validate(Credentials creds){
    Set<Credentials> acceptedUsers = getAcceptedUsers();
    return acceptedUsers.contains(creds);
}

更具体地说,我插了一些 printlns

private boolean validate(Credentials creds){
    Set<Credentials> acceptedUsers = getAcceptedUsers();

    System.out.print("accepted users: ");
    System.out.println(acceptedUsers);
    System.out.print("accessing user: ");
    System.out.println(creds);
    System.out.println("items are equal: " + acceptedUsers.stream().map(c -> c.equals(creds)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
    System.out.println("access ok: " + (acceptedUsers.contains(creds) ? "YES" : "NO"));

    return acceptedUsers.contains(creds);
}

这就是它所说的:

accepted users: [[
    foo
    FCDE2B2EDBA56BF408601FB721FE9B5C338D10EE429EA04FAE5511B68FBF8FB9
]]
accessing user: [
    foo
    FCDE2B2EDBA56BF408601FB721FE9B5C338D10EE429EA04FAE5511B68FBF8FB9
]
items are equal: [true]
access ok: NO

getAcceptedUsers 目前返回一个虚拟集

private Set<Credentials> getAcceptedUsers(){
    return new HashSet<Credentials>(){{add(new Credentials("foo","bar", false));}};
}

并Credentials实现为

class Credentials{
    final String username;
    final String password;

    public Credentials(String username, String password, boolean isPasswordHashed) {
        this.username = username;

        if(isPasswordHashed) this.password = password;
        else {
            MessageDigest md;
            try {
                md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
            }

            md.update(password.getBytes());
            byte[] hash = md.digest();

            this.password = (new HexBinaryAdapter()).marshal(hash);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if(obj == null) return false;
        if(!(obj instanceof Credentials)) return false;
        Credentials other = (Credentials)obj;
        return this.username.equals(other.username) && this.password.equals(other.password);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("[\n\t%s\n\t%s\n]", username,password);
    }
}

Answer 1

实现equals方法还不够,你也必须实现hashCode.

就像你可以在这里阅读:

返回此set的哈希码值.集合的哈希码被定义为集合中元素的哈希码的总和,其中空元素的哈希码被定义为零.这确保了s1.equals(s2)意味着对于任何两个集合s1和s2的s1.hashCode()== s2.hashCode(),如Object.hashCode()的常规协定所要求的那样.